Cultura: International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology
Founded in 2004, Cultura: International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology is a peer-reviewed publication devoted to philosophy of culture and the study of values. It promote the exploration of different values and cultural phenomena in regional and international contexts. It welcomes manuscripts that make a novel and important contribution to our understanding of the values and cultural phenomena in the contemporary world. Cultura is primarily published in English, and occasionally also publishes articles in German, French, and Italian. The journal is abstracted and indexed in: Arts & Humanities Citation Index Celdes CNKI Scholar CNPIEC Dimensions EBSCO Discover ERIH PLUS Google Scholar Humanities International Complete Humanities International Index Index Copernicus International Bibliography of Periodical Literature (IBZ) International Bibliography of the Social Sciences JournalTOCs MIAR: Matriz de Información para el Análisis de Revistas Microsoft Academic MLA International Bibliography NAVER Academic (Korea) Naviga (Softweco) Norwegian Register for Scientific Journals Primo Central (ExLibris) Philosopher’s Index PhilPapers ProQuest Summon Publication Forum Scilit SCImago SCOPUS TOC Premier WorldCat Local
Selection of International Markets and Trends: A Systematic Review
Objective: The purpose of this article is to contribute to the scientific literature in the field of marketing and international business, through an exhaustive analysis of 52 publications indexed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases between 2013 and 2023, on the International Market Selection (IMS) process, essential for business internationalization. Methodology: A qualitative analysis of the consolidated information in a bibliographic review matrix was carried out and, on the other hand, for the quantitative analysis of the data, the RStudio® and Bibliometrix® software were used. Results: The study reveals a diversity of methodologies used in the analysis of the choice of the mode of entry into foreign markets for small and large companies. These include systematic analyses, case studies, multi-criteria approaches, evaluations of exporting firms, systematic/active behavior analysis, conceptual framework testing with regression models, and longitudinal data. Theoretical and methodological contributions: The results confirm the need to integrate qualitative methods for a holistic understanding of the market and quantitative methods for the measurement of trends observed in the SMI. Relevance: These results are relevant for the business-academia relationship because they offer a solid and guiding vision of the trends in studies in IMS and the combination of statistical methods, allowing to choose more precisely those markets with the best conditions to export goods and services.
Javier Leandro Chaparro Rubio, Myriam Elizabeth Torres Pacheco, Edwin Lizarazo Luna, Lina Rosenda Bonilla Rueda
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Baroque fusion and cultural adaptation in the Jesuit missions of Bolivia: compositional guidelines and territorial permanence
During the 17th century, the Jesuits focused their mission on evangelizing frontier territories that had not yet been Christianized. Their foundations were primarily based on an ideology that sought to convert indigenous peoples, while also promoting the protection of their culture. The case of Bolivia is evidenced by six missions located in the eastern region bordering Brazil, declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO, which present a fusion of the compositional principles of the Baroque developed in Europe, but mimicked with features of indigenous culture. This syncretism is recognized as mestizo Baroque. The objective of this study was to identify the religious and compositional guidelines that shaped the earliest constructions at urban, architectural, and aesthetic scales, and to evaluate their persistence through the appropriations and interpretations made by local inhabitants. To achieve this, the historical method was first employed to understand the initial intentions behind this architecture, followed by the descriptive method to identify the elements that reflect all or part of its Baroque heritage. The study determined that this Baroque fusion is present not only in the original mission towns but also in newer communities that replicate these characteristics on a smaller scale.
Evaluation of the Quality of Work Life of Students of Public High Schools In Southern Sonora
The main objective of this research is to evaluate the quality of work life in public high school students in southern Sonora, in order to know their perception of the balance between their academic and personal lives, as well as to identify areas for improvement that can benefit their performance and well-being. The object of study is composed of high school students from two public high schools in southern Sonora. The sample included 319 students between 14 and 18 years old, selected through probabilistic sampling, where a previously validated and reliable instrument was applied to find the results, which showed that 72% of the students perceive a moderate quality of life in their academic environment. The results of the three variables evaluated in the instrument are on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is the lowest rating and 5 is the highest. The quality of life in high school obtained a score of 3.48, which indicates a moderate perception, with room for improvement. Academic identity reached a 3.70, reflecting a relatively high sense of belonging and academic engagement. Academic performance registered a 3.64, showing a satisfactory performance, but with opportunities for optimization. Overall, the results are positive, although there is still room to strengthen each aspect.
Carolina Velázquez Wilson1, Ximena Yadira Valenzuela Zazueta2, Celia Yaneth Quiroz Campas3, Lizeth Armenta Zazueta4, Alberto Galván Corral5, Carlos Jesús Hinojoza Rodríguez6
Efficacy And Safety of Anticoagulant Medications in Preventing Thromboembolic Events in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Undergoing Surgery: A Systematic Review
Background: Thromboembolic events remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) undergoing surgery. Optimal anticoagulant management is critical to balance the dual risks of thrombosis and bleeding in the perioperative setting. Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional and novel anticoagulant medications in preventing thromboembolic events among surgical CVD patients. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a structured search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2010 and 2024. Twelve peer-reviewed studies met inclusion criteria, encompassing randomized trials, cohort studies, and registries evaluating warfarin, heparin, LMWH, and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Results: The findings demonstrated that DOACs such as apixaban, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran provide efficacy comparable to VKAs with reduced rates of major bleeding (1.5–2.0%) and fewer gastrointestinal complications. However, bleeding risk remained elevated in cardiac surgery and dual antiplatelet therapy contexts. Studies emphasizing preoperative platelet testing and perioperative management protocols showed reduced bleeding and thromboembolic recurrence. Conclusions: Evidence supports DOACs as effective and safe alternatives to traditional anticoagulants in surgical CVD patients when managed with individualized perioperative protocols. Further large-scale trials are warranted to refine risk stratification and optimize therapeutic decision-making.
Atef Eid Madkour Elsayed, Saud Ibrahim Aldakhil, Ahmed Ateeq Alsubhi, Fatimah Muslih Almalki, Rabab Faisal Albusaleh, Abdulrahman Nasser Alkhashman, Khalid Hasan Alzahrani, Shatha Saud Sabah
Haylah Mofareh Al Qahtani, Abdulrahman Ali Al Saywed, Obaid Mohsen Mohammed Kaseb, Mohammed Azzat Mohammed Kabarah, Ibrahim Mofareh M Alshahrani, Abdulaziz Rageh Al Otaibi, Sufyan Saleh Ali Alghamdi
The Impact of Healthcare Worker Burnout and Fatigue on Patient Safety: A Multidisciplinary Analysis
Background: Patient safety is fundamentally linked to the wellbeing of the healthcare workforce, yet systemic issues like burnout and fatigue continue to jeopardize clinical outcomes and health system stability. This article examines the intersection of provider exhaustion and patient harm, reframing burnout as a signal of misaligned system design rather than an individual failing. Methods: This synthesis draws upon a cross-sectional study of internal medicine residents6, a quality improvement evaluation of an AI-driven scheduling system in anesthesiology, a global situational analysis from the World Health Organization, a meta-analysis of organizational interventions, a four-year longitudinal study of overtime in Taiwan10, and a mixed-method clinical audit of sleep deprivation in the UK. Dramatic changes to scheduling models have been shown to cause high levels of fatigue and a much higher risk to both personal and occupational health. Studies indicate that traditional "scheduling models" (for example, the 1-in-4 resident schedule) have the highest levels of fatigue and very high levels of occupational burn out (HR = 2.13), with Nurses and Physicians being at a much higher risk than any other staff in the organization. Long-term data suggest that physicians and nurses are also at a much higher risk for developing occupational burn out than the general population. Results: Conversely, when Structural interventions are used to increase access to AI-driven scheduling methods, Intraoperative Care Processes are reduced by 9.1%. The estimated cost of associated harm incurred from this 9.1% will be $335,550. There also were multiple studies that have confirmed that for every additional patient added to a Nurse, there is a 7% increase in the risk of death from hospital-associated complications. Conclusion: In order to address the patient safety crisis, it will be necessary to move away from individual coping strategies to a system of accountability. It will be necessary to implement alternative scheduling models, mandated staffing ratios, and to implement a "just culture." Building high-reliability health systems will require legal protections for incident reporting.
Amal Ali Alghorabi, Wejdan Mohammed Al-Mutairi, Huda Ali Alqahtani, Sarah abdullah al manea, Munirah Saeed Alqahtani
Hameedah Mansi Al_Alawi, Essa Hamza ALamri, Ghaya Mansour Fatani, Jaber Omar Jaber Asiri, Najla yousef alsanea
Reading Under Algorithmic Regimes: Attention Economies, Cultural Intermediation, and Contemporary Literary Value
Current scholarly discourse surrounding digital reading practices tends to foreground concerns about diminishing attention capacities and evolving consumption patterns among readers. However, such perspectives frequently neglect to examine how algorithmic intermediation fundamentally structures contemporary literary ecosystems. This research contends that reading practices within present-day algorithmic frameworks operate within attention-driven economies that actively shape the creation, dissemination, and assessment of literary merit. Grounding the analysis in theoretical frameworks of attention economics and cultural intermediation, this study positions algorithms not as impartial technological mechanisms but rather as cultural arbiters that fundamentally reorganize visibility dynamics, institutional recognition, and aesthetic evaluation processes Examining select contemporary Anglophone literary works in conjunction with consumer-oriented digital platforms, this research investigates how algorithmic frameworks favor attributes such as immediacy, user engagement, and commercially viable emotional resonance at the expense of deliberate pacing, interpretive challenge, and structural sophistication—characteristics conventionally aligned with literary distinction. Through sustained textual interpretation and critical analysis of platform-mediated reception practices, this investigation reveals how contemporary literary production simultaneously absorbs and contests algorithmic demands, exposing frictions between aesthetic independence and commercially motivated discoverability. By centering algorithmic frameworks as mediating infrastructures within contemporary literary ecosystems, this research advances current scholarly conversations concerning literary merit, canonical development, and interpretive practices in digital environments. The study concludes that the reconfiguration of reading under algorithmic oversight requires substantial revision of the critical methodologies employed to evaluate literary significance within an epoch progressively dominated by attention-based economies.
Prof. Deepti Tiwari, Dr. Poornima Pundhir Arora, Dr. Anubha Tiwari Dubey, Prof. Shreya Geetey, Yashdeep Pachlaniya, Mr. Rahul Dubey, Arnav Gour, Prof Alina Ansari
The Inexplicable Pure-Consciousness of Advaita Vedānta as a Realm of Silence: A Contemporary Approach
This paper deals with the reiteration and re-emphasis of the ineffable nature of ŚrīĀdiŚaṅkaraĀcārya’s Nirguṇa Brahman - the ineffable immutable, partless, distinctionless and non-relational infinite absolute which the inability of mind, logic and language to comprehend it is its self-evidence.It closely follows whatŚrīSureśvaraĀcārya had considered as a self-evident absolute truth revealed in the Upaniṣadic texts, and as such the task of the Advaitins is only confined to refuting criticisms against such an ultimate reality. Wittingly or unwittingly, what is generally observed is that, such a reality that is negatively understood as ‘pure-consciousness’ or the absolute ‘bare ground’ (adhiṣthānamātra) that underlies or implied by or inescapably presupposed by every bit of the depth and range of human experiencecan never be grasped in the relational terms of ‘knower and known relationship’ (jñāta-jñeya or pramāta-prameyasaṁbandha) is still unnoticed. Perhaps, it is this epistemic paradox which Sir Roger Penrose realised when he firmly concluded that, human understanding or consciousness as the underlying basis of every mathematical operation etc., accordingly it can never be reduced to or understood in computational terms. This issue is what this paper seeks to deliberate as a reiteration in the light of some possible methodological approach of comparative analysis involving Edmund Husserl’s conception of consciousness and Heidegger’s logos or discourse. A fact which has so far been lying unexplored is that, though Heidegger’s ontological phenomenology in its path breaking existential orientations avoids the concepts like consciousness, subject, I, ego, mind and object etc, his idea of logos as a part of the fundamental analysis of the existential structure of Dasein as the ‘correct mode of access’ to the non-dualistic Beingseems to have some affinity with Śaṅkara’s examination of the ‘self-showing’ (Heidegger’s) characters of the things of the world conveyed by his asti, bhāti and priyam as the corresponding empirical terms of the self-established (nityasiddha or svataḥsiddha) and self-revealing knowledge (svaprakāsatva) nature of sat, cit and ānanda. These may be compared with Heidegger’s logos as the ‘act of letting the self-showingof the nature of things be seen by the seeing of Dasein’ which without being a knowing subject, it understands the ‘self-manifestation’ of the underlying implicit ontological truth about the non-dichotomic Being. This agrees with the epistemological theory of the self-evident theory of Advaita. No one to one correspondence between the philosophy and Śaṅkara’s Advaita Vedānta and Heidegger’s philosophy of existentially oriented ontological phenomenology or even that of Husserl’s consciousness is assumed by this paper. This task is carried out only to reiterate or re-emphasise the ‘indescribable’ but ‘the ever-present truth’ of Nirguna Brahman as the ‘Cinmātra-pure awareness’ underlying as the ‘unconditioned condition’ of all forms of human experience.
Advancing Theoretical Coherence in Critical Thinking: Dual-Synthesis Study for Primary Science Education in Society 5.0
Critical thinking is essential in primary science education to prepare students for 21st-century challenges and the demands of Society 5.0. However, research in this field remains fragmented due to theoretical gaps and methodological limitations. This study integrates bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review to map research trends, identify antecedents and outcomes, and examine instructional approaches that foster critical thinking. The bibliometric analysis of 161 Scopus-indexed articles shows a growing interest after 2020, dominated by constructivist models. The systematic review of 34 studies identifies 29 antecedents and 17 outcomes across cognitive, instructional, and environmental dimensions. Most studies use quantitative cross-sectional methods, with limited integration of frameworks such as Self-Determination Theory and Social Identity Theory. This study offers a contextual framework for strengthening critical thinking in science education. Future research should employ longitudinal designs, hybrid theoretical approaches, and cross-cultural perspectives to support inclusive and sustainable science learning in digitally transforming educational environments.
Primus Devra Raihan, Ali Mustadi, Woro Sri Hastuti, Maria Ulfa Yudha Julistiyana, Sasmita Sari, Agil Aryanto
The Evolution and Persistence of Informal Credit in Rural North India, (c. 1850-2010)
This paper presents a historical analysis of the rural credit ecosystem in colonial and post-colonial North India, with a specific focus on the Punjab-Haryana region. It argues that the institution of the moneylender, far from being a static feature of a traditional economy, was dynamically shaped by state policy, legal frameworks, and infrastructural changes. The colonial period (c. 1850-1947) did not merely witness the persistence of the sahukar but actively constructed his power through the individualization of property rights, codified contract law, and cash revenue demands, creating a hybrid trader-lender embedded in the agrarian economy. Post-Independence, the Indian state embarked on an ambitious project to architect a formal rural credit system, aiming to displace private moneylenders through cooperatives and social banking. This paper analyzes the qualified success of this project, demonstrating how the heyday of directed credit in the 1970s-80s was followed by a retreat during the liberalization era of the 1990s. The paper concludes that the rural credit landscape in India is best understood as a layered system, where formal and informal sectors coexist and interact, with the historical legacy of the colonial-era sahukar continuing to influence the structure and function of rural finance into the 21st century.
Dapting, Reorganizing and Reinterpeting: A Systemic Reading of the Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorden in the Family
This study aimed to analyze how family structure, dynamics, and beliefs are involved in the daily experience of caregiving and adaptation in Mexican families with a son or daughter diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Nayarit. A qualitative methodology was used, with an exploratory scope and thematic content analysis based on the results obtained. Semi-structured interviews, field diaries, and observation logs were conducted for data collection. A convenience sample consisted of 13 participants. The categories obtained were: family structure, dynamics, and beliefs. The new reconfigurations brought about by the diagnosis of ASD can be observed: roles, responsibilities, agreements, negotiations, and the redefinition of the diagnosis. This raises the need to approach this diagnosis from a comprehensive perspective that combines individual, family, and social factors
Marcela Rábago de Ávila, Carlos Antonio Navarrete Cueto, Maira Rosalía Flores Peña, Ruiz-Bernés Salvador, Rodríguez Lara Claudia, Montes Quiroz Alejandrina, Cruz Lima Carmen Julia, Rodríguez Ocampo Angélica Nallelhy
AI-Driven Cultural Personalisation in Aviation Marketing: Transforming Airline–Passenger Engagement
The rapid adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the aviation industry is transforming how airlines communicate with and attract global passengers. This study explores the role of AI-driven personalisation in airline marketing and its implications for culturally diverse consumer segments. As international air travel connects passengers from different cultural backgrounds, airlines increasingly rely on machine learning algorithms, predictive analytics, and recommendation systems to tailor marketing messages, pricing strategies, and service offerings. This paper examines how AI technologies analyse passenger data—including travel history, digital behaviour, and cultural indicators—to generate culturally adaptive marketing content that enhances customer engagement and brand loyalty. Drawing on theories of cross-cultural marketing and digital personalisation, the study investigates the effectiveness of AI-powered marketing strategies in improving passenger satisfaction and trust in airline brands. It also considers ethical concerns related to data privacy, algorithmic bias, and cultural profiling in automated marketing systems. Using a conceptual framework supported by emerging industry practices in global aviation, the research highlights how culturally responsive AI marketing can reshape airline–passenger relationships in the digital era. The findings contribute to interdisciplinary discussions on technology, culture, and consumer behaviour, offering insights for airlines seeking to balance technological innovation with culturally sensitive marketing practices.
Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: Transforming Pedagogy, Research, and Institutional Efficiency
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping higher education by enabling personalized learning, automating administrative processes, and enhancing research capabilities. While traditional digital platforms have improved access to resources, they often lack adaptability and contextual responsiveness. AI-driven systems, however, offer dynamic content delivery, real-time analytics, and intelligent support for both students and educators. This paper presents a conceptual framework for AI integration in higher education, focusing on three pillars: pedagogical transformation, research innovation, and institutional efficiency. By synthesizing existing literature and proposing structured pathways for implementation, the study highlights opportunities, challenges, and ethical considerations. The findings suggest that AI can serve as a catalyst for inclusive, student-centered, and globally competitive higher education ecosystems.
Dr. Ankit Laddha, Dr. Ruchi Mantri, Brahamjot Bagga
Emerging Technologies and the Redesign of Legal Processes
This article examines the impact of emerging technologies on the redesign of legal processes, focusing on digitalization, automation, and intelligent systems supporting judicial decision-making. Using a quantitative–exploratory approach, a bibliometric analysis was conducted on a Scopus-indexed academic corpus. Semantic normalization, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, significance testing (α = 0.05), and exploratory factor analysis were applied. The findings reveal that the artificial intelligence cluster represents the dominant thematic category (27%), followed by automation (17%) and regulatory dimensions such as governance (15%), accountability (13%), and risk/ethics (10%). Correlation analysis indicates statistically significant associations between artificial intelligence and institutional variables, demonstrating that intelligent systems do not merely enhance procedural efficiency but also reshape the normative and cognitive architecture of judicial decision-making. The exploratory factor analysis identifies a latent regulatory-technological dimension linking artificial intelligence, ethics, and governance. The study further shows that these transformations directly affect legal advocacy and procedural strategy, consolidating a new techno-legal competence as a key variable in contemporary professional practice.
Astelio Silvera Sarmiento, Moisés David Hernández Ruiz, David Santiago Hurtado Corrales, Hugo Hernández Palma, Angélica María Jiménez Coronado, Jesús Enrique García Guiliany, Mirian Elena Ucros Campo
The Role of Active Learning Strategies Enhanced by Learning Analytics in Improving Students’ Learning Motivation in Digital Learning Environments
This study explores the impact of active learning strategies enhanced by learning analytics on students’ motivation in digital learning environments. The main objective is to examine how integrating interactive pedagogical approaches with data-driven tools can increase engagement, support self-regulated learning, and improve overall motivation. The study targeted students in primary and secondary schools in Saudi Arabia, with a sample of 332 students selected through stratified random sampling. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining a structured questionnaire with semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The instruments were validated for content, construct, and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha ≥ 0.80). Results indicate strong positive correlations between active learning strategies and motivation (r=0.642, p<0.01), and between learning analytics and motivation (r=0.593, p<0.01). Multiple regression revealed that the combination of both strategies explained 52.7% of the variance in motivation, with a significant interaction effect (β=0.174, p=0.001). No significant differences were found based on gender or grade level. The study recommends integrating active learning strategies with learning analytics, providing personalized feedback, teacher training, and supportive infrastructure to foster engagement and motivation. These findings highlight the potential of data-informed, student-centered digital learning environments to enhance learning outcomes.
Ali Saeed Algahtani, Abdulkarim Saad Saleh Al-Yahya
Building an Instructional Model Based on Constructivist Theory for Developing Emotional Intelligence and Persuasion Skills in Sales among Students of the College of Administrative and Financial Sciences at the Saudi Electronic University
This study aimed to build an instructional model based on constructivist theory for developing emotional intelligence skills and persuasion skills in sales among students of the College of Administrative and Financial Sciences at the Saudi Electronic University. To achieve this aim, the researcher employed the descriptive-analytical method and the Delphi technique. The researcher prepared two lists, one for emotional intelligence skills and the other for persuasion skills in sales, and also designed a questionnaire to determine the suitability of the instructional model based on constructivist theory from the experts’ perspective through the Delphi technique. The findings identified the emotional intelligence skills and persuasion skills in sales required for students of the College of Administrative and Financial Sciences, as well as the procedural steps necessary for building the proposed model. The mean score for the suitability of the instructional model based on constructivist theory from the experts’ perspective was 3.56, with a standard deviation of 0.87, indicating a high level of agreement. In light of these findings, the study presented a set of recommendations, including the need to implement the instructional model based on constructivist theory to develop emotional intelligence skills and persuasion skills in sales among students of the College of Administrative and Financial Sciences.
Leadership as an Axiological Expression of Behavioral Traits: Empirical Insights
Leadership is a key transversal skill for the employability of university graduates. Even so, clear evidence is still lacking on how basic behavioral traits translate into observable leadership. In practice, this transformation usually occurs through intermediate skills, such as initiative, the ability to influence, and self-control. To analyze the relationship between three behavioral traits of the natural profile Extroversion/Influence, Risk/Dominance and Self-Control— and leadership competence, examining the mediating role of Initiative, Impact and Influence and Self-Control (competence). A sample of 4,294 Spanish university students was studied, evaluated using PDA Assessment (Personal Development) . Assessment) (2023–2024). A PLS-SEM model (SmartPLS 4) was estimated to simultaneously assess (a) the strength of the relationships between traits, competencies, and leadership, and (b) whether traits influence leadership indirectly by “passing through” intermediate competencies. Robustness was tested using bootstrapping (5,000 resamples), and collinearity (VIF), explained variance (R²), and out-of-sample predictive capacity were checked using PLSpredict. The traits were significantly associated with the “bridging” competencies: Risk/Dominance → Initiative (β = 0.693), Extraversion/Influence → Impact and Influence (β = 0.582), and Self-Control → Self-Control (competence) (β = 0.271) (p < .001). In practical terms, this indicates that the tendency to take on challenges translates into greater proactivity; sociability and expressiveness translate into a greater capacity for influence; and self-regulation is expressed as more consistent behaviors. In turn, the competencies predicted leadership, with Impact and Influence standing out as the most decisive factor (β = 0.918), followed by Initiative (β = 0.295) and Self-Control (competence) (β = 0.144) (p < .001). Specific mediations were confirmed, especially Extraversion/Influence → Impact and Influence → Leadership (β_ind = 0.535) and Risk/Dominance → Initiative → Leadership (β_ind = 0.204). The model explained a very high proportion of leadership (R² = 0.968) with controlled collinearity (VIF = 1.586–2.749) and out-of-sample predictive relevance (Q²_predict > 0). The results show that leadership in university students is primarily developed when behavioral traits are transformed into trainable competencies, especially impact, influence, and initiative. Applied to employability, programs should prioritize these two levers to strengthen the leadership of future graduates.
Fernando Barrera Fernandez, Sonia Martin Gomez, Ángel Bartolome Muñoz de Luna
Challenges of Using Artificial Intelligence Applications in Academic Research among Saudi University Students
This study examines the challenges Saudi university students face when using artificial intelligence applications in academic research, with particular attention to academic, cognitive-skill, and ethical dimensions. Adopting a quantitative descriptive survey design, the study collected data through an electronic questionnaire administered to 54 students at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University during November and December 2025. The findings reveal substantial challenges across all three dimensions. Academic challenges recorded an overall agreement rate of 73.9%, indicating concerns about weakened academic writing, reduced reliance on original sources, and limited independent problem-solving. Cognitive and skill-related challenges reached 67.6%, reflecting difficulties in selecting appropriate tools, distinguishing accurate from inaccurate outputs, and sustaining critical thinking. Ethical challenges were the most pronounced, with an agreement rate of 75.1%, especially regarding information accuracy, bias, proper citation, and responsibility for AI-generated errors. The study concludes that the growing use of AI in academic research requires structured training, clearer ethical guidelines, and balanced integration strategies that preserve students’ intellectual independence and research integrity within Saudi higher education.
Rehab Tharwat Abd El Ghani Abo Bakr, Aseel Abdulrahman Alshalawi, Shatha Saleh Alomari, Danah Ibrahim Almasilt, Shaden Fawaz Alotaibi, Ruba Homud Alkhathami, Fajr Abdulrahman Aljunaid
From GATT to Friedrich List: Reconciling WTO Non‑Discrimination with Green Industrial Policy in the U.S.–China EV Conflict
This study examines whether recent US tariffs and subsidies on Chinese electric vehicles (EV) can be consistent with the WTO law and with a Listian idea of legitimate infant industry protection in the green transition. It recreates the relevant General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 ('GATT 1994'), Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures ('SCM Agreement'), Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures ('TRIMs Agreement') and Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade ('TBT Agreement') disciplines, categorizes the new Section 301 (Trade Act of 1974, 19 USC § 2411) tariffs and EV-associated tax credits as either bound tariff obligations, most favoured nation and national treatment obligations, and places them in a WTO-consistent trade remedy framework. This is further analyzed using WTO jurisprudence on Article XX of the GATT 1994 — as elaborated in United States — Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline (WT/DS2/AB/R), United States — Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products (WT/DS58/AB/R), and European Communities — Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products (WT/DS135/AB/R) — and environment-related measures to evaluate the plausibility of using general exceptions to justify origin-specific EV measures; the difficulty with the chapeau lies in the fact that tariffs and subsidies are closely associated with Chinese origin. Based on the theory of productive power by Friedrich List (The National System of Political Economy, Longman, 1841), the paper constructs a two-dimensional evaluative grid that integrates a black letter test of the law (GATT 1994/SCM Agreement compliance and Article XX justifiability) with a normative test of Listian legitimacy, which is orientated towards temporariness, developmental orientation, and ultimate inclusion in liberal trade. Using this twofold test on US EV-specific tariffs and subsidies, the paper posits that much of what is now in place is in a grey zone: it is hard to defend doctrinally within WTO provisions and, where formal adherence could be contrived, it would be run as rent-seeking protectionism, instead of disciplined green industrial policy. The results imply that WTO members aiming at advancing EV industries should focus on the usage of neutral origin, time-bound and capability-enhancing instruments and that WTO law will have to increasingly face multipurpose green industrial policies that obscure the distinction between environmental ambition and trade protection.
Exorbitant expenses associated with Pre-exposure ProphylZimbabwe'saxis exacerbate HIV and AIDS prevalence in Zimbabwe's marginalized rural
This study aims to explore the impact of exorbitant expenses associated with Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) on the prevalence of HIV and AIDS in marginalized rural communities in Zimbabwe. The rising costs of PrEP serve as a significant barrier, hindering access to crucial preventive measures. This research addresses a notable gap in existing literature regarding the socio-economic factors influencing PrEP uptake in rural settings, particularly focusing on groups disproportionately affected by these challenges. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study was framed within a constructivist research paradigm. A sample of 15 participants was purposively selected, considering gender, geographical location, age, and expertise. Data were collected through two focus group discussions: one comprising single women and another including diverse participants. To enhance the trustworthiness of the findings, data triangulation was employed. Thematic analysis, following Braun and Clarke's (2006) guidelines, was utilized to analyze the data while maintaining ethical considerations, including confidentiality and informed consent. Findings reveal that the financial burden of PrEP significantly deters its uptake, leading to increased vulnerability to HIV transmission among marginalized populations. One key recommendation is to implement subsidized PrEP programs aimed at lowering costs for rural communities, thereby fostering greater accessibility to preventive healthcare.
Role of Institutional Actors in Development of Independent Live Music Scene in Shillong: An Exploratory Study
The role of live music culture in a city’s cultural identity and tourism development has been a recurrent theme in academic fields from subcultural to urban studies for decades. Shillong, a colonial hill station and the capital of Meghalaya, is renowned for a unique music culture often headlined as the “Rock Capital of India” since the 1960s. While the city’s identity is rooted in this legacy, it has evolved into a diverse hub for genres ranging from blues and jazz to hip-hop, recently formalized through state initiatives like the Meghalaya Grassroots Music Project (MGMP). While the development of this scene is influenced by history, language, and social values, the role of specific institutional actors in nurturing these cultures during their nascent stages is often overlooked. Using archival research and critical analysis, this paper explores the transcendental effect of the Church, individual musical icons, academic institutions such as MLCU, and commercial venues. It argues that these actors function as a collective ecosystem, bridging the sacred and secular to shape the contemporary identity of the music scene in Shillong.
A Comparative Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Public and Private Sector Banks: Evidence from Jaipur
Banking institutions occupy a strategic place in national development because their corporate social responsibility extends beyond philanthropy to include financial inclusion, community welfare, ethical conduct, stakeholder accountability, customer protection, employee welfare and support for vulnerable groups. The present study compares CSR practices in selected public and private sector banks operating in Jaipur. The study is based on a sample of 200 bank employees selected from State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, HDFC Bank Ltd. and ICICI Bank Ltd. A structured questionnaire was used to measure CSR perception across five dimensions, namely leadership vision, employee-related CSR, customer-related CSR, accountability and community development. The study applies descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test and multiple regression analysis to examine differences between public and private sector banks. The findings indicate that private sector banks report stronger perceived performance in leadership vision, customer-related CSR and accountability, while public sector banks report stronger visibility in community development activities. The results support the view that CSR in banking is not limited to donations, but is linked with stakeholder responsibility, institutional legitimacy and long-term trust building. The study contributes a structured and measurable framework for comparing CSR practices in public and private sector banks at the city level.
Theoretical-Methodological Foundations and Practical Mechanisms of Teaching English Based on a Competency Approach in Higher Education Institutions
This scientific article explores the fundamental theoretical foundations and practical derivations of transitioning from traditional methods to a competency-based approach in the modern higher education paradigm of teaching English. The paper analyzes mechanisms for adapting the linguistic abilities of future specialists to the socio-professional environment, as well as innovative methodological models that unlock communicative potential. Throughout the study, issues regarding the integration of international standards and the national educational context in forming students' speech strategies are highlighted. The conclusions of the article serve to transform the quality of foreign language teaching in higher education and foster the sustainable development of professional-communicative competence in students.
Azizova Zulfizar Fazilovna, Ortikova Musallam Jaxongir Qizi, Kamalova Dilnoza Kurbanbayevna, Sapayeva Zeyvar Jamolatdinovna, Abdanbekova Nilufar Rikhsievna
Methodological Analysis of Philosophical Arguments in the Proof and Elucidation of Doctrinal Principles
This study aims to address a methodological gap in the field of philosophical arguments related to doctrinal principles, motivated by the need to develop a systematic framework for the rational elucidation of religious beliefs. Utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach and a comparative study of Islamic philosophical texts, the author investigates three inferential methods: deductive, inductive, and synthetic. The primary objective of this research is to identify the most effective reasoning method for proving and clarifying doctrinal principles, considering the capacities and limitations inherent in each approach. The findings indicate that while the deductive method possesses a robust logical structure, it is insufficient for explaining all dimensions of doctrinal matters. The inductive method, due to its probabilistic nature, also fails to provide conclusive proof. In contrast, the synthetic method—intelligently integrating reason, revelation, and intuition—emerges as the most comprehensive approach, capable of leveraging the strengths of multiple methods to present a holistic understanding of doctrinal truths. The ultimate contribution of this study is the proposal of a novel model in the philosophy of religion that enriches the theoretical discourse and offers a practical framework for addressing contemporary challenges and doubts concerning religious beliefs.
Bashir Ahmad Nahzat) Afghanistan (, Dr. Seyed Zuhair Al-Mesilini (Tunisia)
The Expansion of Human Existence in the Islamic Perspective
Different intellectual schools have each provided their own approach to understanding the human being. Materialistic schools define humans as physical and bodily beings, limiting their existence to material and natural dimensions. In contrast, divine schools consider humans as a complex combination of spiritual and physical, or innate and natural, dimensions, although they do not equate the value of the spiritual and physical aspects. These two interpretations of human existence have significant implications in all areas related to humans, such as psychology, sociology, education, cultural studies, and the study of civilization. This study aims to analyze and discuss various aspects of human existence from the Islamic perspective through a descriptive-analytical approach. In Islam, humans are considered beings with various dimensions, unlike angels and animals, who are singularly dimensional. Animals possess only the physical aspect, and angels possess only the intellectual aspect. According to Islam, human existence consists of various dimensions, including the physical, intellectual, moral, imaginary, ethical, and spiritual aspects, among others. Understanding each of these dimensions and making proper use of them plays a vital and key role in human individual, family, and social life.
Ayub Khoday Nazar, Dr. Seyed Zuhair Al-Mesilini (Tunisia)
The Origin of Human Rights in the Legal Systems of Islam and the West from the Perspective of Neo-Sadraean Philosophers
The question of the origin of human rights is among the most fundamental and controversial issues in the philosophy of law, as the perspective adopted toward it shapes the framework and orientation of an entire legal system. Western schools of thought, primarily grounded in the concepts of social contract and collective will, define the origin of rights through legal positivism, wherein the validity of legal rules depends on social consensus. According to this view, rights exist only when society collectively agrees upon them, and otherwise, no rights are recognized. Such an approach disregards real interests and harms as well as the ontological structure of human beings, reducing legal propositions to contractual constructs imposed upon individuals and society. In contrast, Neo-Sadraean philosophers, drawing on Islamic thought, argue that the origin of human rights lies in the Divine. From this standpoint, legal norms are instituted by God in accordance with real interests and harms and in harmony with the ontological structure of humans and society. This study, employing a descriptive-analytical method, examines the origin of human rights in Western and Islamic legal systems from the Neo-Sadraean perspective. The findings demonstrate that the ontological argument (God’s absolute ownership of existence) and the anthropological argument (human incapacity to attain full knowledge of human existence) both affirm that only God can be the source of human rights. Thus, whereas legal positivism confines the origin of rights to social contract, the Neo-Sadraean view situates their true and ultimate foundation in the Divine will.
The Possibility or Impossibility of Proving the Existence of God through Philosophical Arguments from the Perspective of Faith-Defenders and Rationalists
The discussion on the possibility or impossibility of proving the existence of God through philosophical arguments has always been one of the most challenging topics in the philosophy of religion. This study, using a comparative philosophical analysis method and referencing primary sources from both Western and Islamic philosophy traditions, examines the "Fideism" and "Rationalism" approaches in proving the existence of God. Fideists, emphasizing the inherent limitations of human reason and the danger of reducing God to an abstract concept, argue that philosophical proofs are not only incomplete but may also lead to religious skepticism. In contrast, rationalists, by presenting arguments such as the arguments of the righteous (Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra), the ontological argument (Anselm), and the cosmological argument (Aquinas, al-Kindi, and Averroes), demonstrate that philosophical logic is capable of proving the existence of God as the "Necessary Being." However, these arguments must be reinterpreted in a constructive interaction with religious and revelatory experiences to avoid reducing God to an abstract concept. This study suggests that contemporary philosophy of religion should move beyond the dichotomy of "reason and faith" toward a more integrated model that benefits both the capacities of rational argumentation and the depth of religious experiences. This investigation is necessary because the answer to this question not only impacts theological discussions but also directly influences our understanding of the relationship between reason and faith, the structure of ethics, and even intercultural discourses. Data were collected using a library-based method and evaluated through critical content analysis to assess the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.
Bashir Ahmad Nahzat) Afghanistan(, Dr. Seyed Zuhair Al-Mesilini (Tunisia)
Study of Helavi Community and Their Lifestyle
This study is about the Helavi community of Maharashtra. It covers their lifestyle, work and the problems they face, and also the expectations of the Helavis from the government and the difficulties they face in their lives are also mentioned. The Helavi community, originally from Karnataka, is a little-known, historically significant group in southern Maharashtra, whose traditional occupations and lifestyles constitute a distinct cultural and social identity. The study explores their historical background, professional practices, and socio-economic conditions. The Helavi community has undergone significant transformations due to modernisation and urbanisation. Despite their contribution to Maharashtra's caste culture, they still face many challenges, including economic instability, limited educational opportunities, and social marginalisation. The impact of changing livelihoods on their traditional ways, along with community-friendly policies, in contemporary society is analysed. This research aims to bring attention to their socio-economic needs and suggest policy measures for their upliftment by highlighting the Helavi community’s struggles and resilience. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of cised communities in Maharashtra and the need for sustainable development policies tailored to their unique cultural and economic contexts. The study is about the Helavi community’s culture, lifestyle and the problems faced by them, calling for inclusive policies that support their education, livelihoods, and heritage preservation to ensure their dignified integration into mainstream society. There is a combination of qualitative approaches that were used for this study—direct interaction with Helavi community members as an interview along with analysis of published materials, video and interviews. It helps to understand their cultural practices, socio-economic challenges, and aspirations.
Key Management Skills for 21st Century Entrepreneurs
Within a landscape of digital transformation, global sustainability and increasing economic uncertainty, managerial skills play a fundamental role in the consolidation of entrepreneurship. This analysis set out to determine the competencies with the greatest impact on the success of active entrepreneurs in the 21st century, especially those who are part of the field of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). An instrument validated by experts was used, composed of a Likert-type scale that examined between 10 and 15 fundamental managerial competencies, through a correlational and quantitative descriptive method. The sample included entrepreneurs who had a minimum of two years of formal activity. A statistical analysis was carried out that included the analysis of differences by age, sector and gender, PLS-SEM models, logistic regression and EFA (exploratory factor analysis). The findings indicated that emotional intelligence and transformational leadership are competencies that emerge as relevant predictors of business success, which supports the initial assumption. Functional groupings of competencies and important distinctions between groups were also identified, indicating the need for segmented training programmes. For policymakers, institutions that support companies, and researchers, this study provides a validated model of managerial competencies applicable to today's entrepreneurs. It is concluded that being successful as an entrepreneur not only implies having technical skills, but also improving strategic soft skills that enhance leadership, adaptation, and decision-making in complicated situations.
Tipán Tapia, Luis Alfredo, Molina Díaz, Rolando Patricio, Montero Berru, Mercedes Beatríz, Pazmiño-Linzán, Jhony Fabián, Carrillo Punina, Alvaro Patricio, Suárez Vaca, Wilmer Adrian, Ñacata Loachamin, Nathaly Alexandra
Interprofessional Healthcare Collaboration Integrating Medical Physics, Nursing, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Public Health for Improved Patient Outcomes
Contemporary healthcare faces unprecedented challenges from chronic diseases, advanced technologies, and the recognition that health outcomes are shaped by complex biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors. The traditional siloed model of healthcare delivery has proven insufficient, leading to fragmented care, medical errors, increased costs, and suboptimal patient outcomes. This research examines interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) through the synergistic integration of five cornerstone disciplines: Medical Physics, Nursing, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rehabilitation, and Public Health. Drawing upon established theoretical frameworks, including the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) core competencies and the World Health Organization's Framework for Action, the study analyzes each discipline's unique contributions to patient-centered care. The research identifies and addresses multifaceted barriers to collaboration, including professional cultural differences, hierarchical power dynamics, communication breakdowns, logistical obstacles, educational isolation, and misaligned financial incentives. A comprehensive synthesis of evidence demonstrates that interprofessional collaboration significantly improves clinical outcomes, enhances patient safety, increases patient satisfaction, reduces healthcare costs, and improves provider well-being. The study concludes with strategic recommendations across educational, organizational, systemic, and cultural domains to foster sustainable interprofessional collaboration, ultimately contributing to the realization of the Quadruple Aim: improving population health, enhancing the patient experience, reducing costs, and improving the work life of healthcare providers.
Azzam Mousa Mohammed Khan, Sultan Khalid Obaid Al Baqami, Abdulrahman Nasser Assiry, Ahmed Abdulellah Omar Albissi, Nabeel Abdullah Alshahrani, Neda Herab Al- Muteiri
Sultan Saeed Muhammad Alghamdi, Sharaf Abdullah A Alshreef, Ayidh yahya Jaber Almalki, Ruba Mohammed AlJaber
Esophageal balloon catheter Guided PEEP Titration in Severe ARDS Following Bariatric Surgery in a Morbidly Obese Patient
Background: Morbid obesity profoundly alters respiratory mechanics by elevating pleural and chest wall pressure, rendering standard airway-pressure-based ventilation unreliable in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Esophageal balloon catheter enables estimation of pleural pressure and calculation of transpulmonary pressure, allowing individualized PEEP titration beyond what airway pressure alone can provide. Case Summary: A 50-year-old morbidly obese woman (BMI 43.15 kg/m²) developed severe ARDS (PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio ~84) following laparoscopic revisional bariatric surgery. Despite pressure-regulated volume control with a set tidal volume of 500 mL, only 132 mL was delivered, indicating markedly compromised respiratory compliance unexplained by airway pressure alone. An esophageal balloon catheter was inserted and used to guide PEEP titration based on transpulmonary pressure. PEEP was escalated to 25 cmH₂O guided by esophageal balloon catheter and subsequently weaned in a stepwise manner over Four days. The patient was successfully extubated on day four of ICU admission, with marked improvement in arterial blood gas parameters. Conclusion: This case highlights the critical role of esophageal balloon catheter guided ventilation in obese ARDS patients where airway pressure is a misleading surrogate for lung mechanics. Transpulmonary pressure-guided PEEP titration enabled safe use of high PEEP levels that facilitated alveolar recruitment and ultimately successful extubation.
Ahmad Alessa, Badr Allehyani, Ammar Baalkhir, Moayad Bsooki, Shams Almaqati
Abdul kareem Qaterji, Hashim Qatirgi, Fayez Al-Shuaibi, Osama alsidalani, Mohammed Al-Juhani