How Geographic Location and Cultural Blending Have Shaped the Traditional Village Residential Architecture: The Case of the Guilin Region, China

Abstract

This study examines how geographic location and cultural blending have shaped the traditional village residential architecture of Guilin. The research highlights the profound influence of Guilin's distinctive geographic and climatic conditions, particularly its karst landscape, subtropical monsoon climate with hot, humid summers, mild winters, and intense seasonal rainfall. These factors have dictated the architectural orientation, building layouts, and structural adaptations, with village settlements seamlessly integrated into the natural terrain. The extensive use of locally available materials such as clay, bamboo, and limestone reflect a sustainable architectural approach, well-suited to the environmental conditions. Cultural and religious influences have played an equally significant role in shaping Guilin’s architectural identity. While Han culture predominates, the region’s cultural diversity, with significant populations of Zhuang, Yao, and Miao ethnic communities, has fostered a rich architectural hybridity. The coexistence of these groups has resulted in integrated and adaptive designs, blending stilted homes, courtyard layouts, and decorative motifs reflective of shared cultural expressions. Furthermore, traditional Chinese philosophy and religious principles have deeply influenced architectural practices. Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism have each contributed to different aspects of design and spatial organization. However, Daoism, particularly through the application of Feng Shui principles, has exerted the most notable impact on residential architecture, guiding house alignment, placement, and harmony with the natural surroundings. This research underscores Guilin’s architectural uniqueness, where environmental adaptation and cultural synthesis have shaped sustainable and symbolically rich built environments.