Oral Manifestations Of Diabetes And Antidiabetic Pharmacotherapy, Clinical Implications For Dental And Pharmacy Professionals

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic metabolic disorder with well-established systemic complications, including significant effects on oral health. Increasing evidence demonstrates that diabetes is associated with a wide range of oral manifestations such as periodontal disease, xerostomia, dental caries, oral infections, delayed wound healing, and sensory disturbances. In parallel, the expanding use of antidiabetic pharmacotherapy has introduced additional oral and dental considerations, as several drug classes may contribute independently to salivary dysfunction, mucosal reactions, taste alterations, and hypoglycemia-related dental emergencies.

This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus and the oral effects associated with antidiabetic medications, with particular emphasis on their clinical relevance for dental and pharmacy professionals. The review highlights the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease, the influence of glycemic control on oral outcomes, and the role of pharmacotherapy in modifying oral risk profiles. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of medication review, patient counseling, and early recognition of drug-related oral adverse effects within pharmacy practice.

An interprofessional framework integrating dentistry and pharmacy is emphasized as a critical strategy for improving early detection of complications, optimizing treatment planning, and enhancing patient safety. Strengthening collaboration between dental and pharmacy professionals may contribute to more comprehensive, patient-centered diabetes care and improved oral and systemic health outcomes.