Published 2025-11-10
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Abstract
Objective:
The main objectives of the study are as follows:
- To count the number of adults in different parts of Saudi Arabia who have kidney-related health problems, including those who are not yet diagnosed.
To find and examine the main clinical, lifestyle, and demographic risk factors for renal disease in Saudi adults. - To assess healthcare-seeking behaviors and public awareness of kidney disease, its symptoms, prevention, and treatment.
- To investigate differences in risk profiles and prevalence by location, offering information for focused public health initiatives.
Methods: It will be performed on the chosen cases from the study's prospective sample. To determine the level of precision of the statistical tools and even the patient selection criteria based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, a pilot research including 10% of the respondents may be carried out. The pilot study will be conducted according to the aforementioned procedure, and the results will be examined. Additionally, the viability, duration, and manner will be assessed. The necessary changes will be described. The study tool should at least be pretested if this isn't possible.
Results: The study included 660 participants. The study included 660 participants. The most frequent Age among them was 18-28 years old (n=329, 49.8%), followed by 40-49 and 50 -59 years old (n=98, 14.8%), then 29-39 years old (n=88, 13.3%). The most frequent gender among study participants was male (n= 399, 60.5%), and female (n= 261, 39.5%). The most frequent nationality among study participants was Saudi (n= 510, 77.3%), followed by non-Saudi (n= 150, 22.7%). Educational level among study participants, with most of them having a university degree (n=495, 75%), followed by Secondary (n=146, 22.1%), then Primary (n=15, 2.3%), and at least no formal education (n=4, 0.6%). The smoker of study participants most of them were Non-Smokers (n=505, 76.5%), followed by smokers (n=11, 17%), then Former smokers (n=43, 6.5%). Participants were asked if they drink alcohol. Most of them had never drunk alcohol (n=630, 95.5%), followed by Sometimes (n=26, 3.9%), then Regularly (n=4, 0.6%). Participants were asked if they drink 2L of water. Most of them had drunk less than 2L (n=391, 59.2%), followed by drunk 2L (n=269, 40.8%). Participants were asked about their stress level in general. The most frequent was moderate stress (n= 378, 57.3%), followed by high (n= 153, 23.2%), then low (n=129, 19.5%). Participants take painkillers; most of them said Rarely (n=231, 35%), followed by Never (n=223, 33.8%), then Sometimes (n=176, 26.7%), and yes, frequently (n=30, 4.5%). Physical activity was average among most of the participants. No activity (n= 393, 59.5%) and yes, 267 participants (40.5%).
Conclusion: The study results showed that most participants were between 18 and 28 years old. The majority were Saudi nationals and male. Most participants reported no family history of kidney issues and had low levels of physical activity. Additionally, moderate stress levels were common among the respondents. These findings indicate that demographic and lifestyle factors significantly impact the risk of kidney disease, emphasizing the need for public health awareness and preventive interventions.