Comparative Analysis of Port Traffic in Port Areas of the Colombian Atlantic Coast

Abstract

In recent years, global port activity has experienced a significant increase, as reported by the Andean Community, indicating a 9.9% rise in worldwide port traffic in 2021 compared to the previous year. This surge has led to congestion issues at ports. However, contrary to this trend, Colombia has witnessed a decline in port activity over the last five years. This research aims to conduct a comparative study of port traffic along the Colombian Atlantic Coast, through which approximately 85% of the country's cargo is transported. The study employs statistical analysis using data science techniques to analyze cargo traffic patterns in the Port Zones (PZ) of this region. The results highlight key port PZs, such as Cartagena, Ciénaga, Golfo de Morrosquillo, and La Guajira, with coal, liquid bulk, and containerized cargo being predominant. Additionally, the study identifies export as the prevailing port activity. Examining the instability and negative variation in port activity in Colombia, significant statistical differences in cargo traffic are found in Ciénaga, La Guajira, and Golfo de Morrosquillo. The exports of coal and liquid bulk are identified as activities and cargo types potentially affecting port traffic along the Atlantic Coast.