Published 2026-01-12
Keywords
- ABO Blood-Group System, Refractive Errors, Myopia, Saudi Arabia, Cross-Sectional Study, Spherical Equivalent, Ocular Biometry, Genetic Markers.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
Introduction: Such refractive errors as myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, etc. are one of the leading causes of visual impairment in the world and are becoming more dominant among the Saudi Arabian population. Although the environment plays a crucial role, including urbanization and spending hours in front of a digital screen, genetic predisposition is a critical field to study. The paper presents the possibility of using ABO blood groups as biological indicators of refractive status and attempts to establish whether some types of blood are more likely or more severe to cause vision disorders among Saudi citizens.
Objective: The main aim of the cross-sectional research was to examine the statistical relationship between ABO blood groups (A, B, AB, O) and Rhesus (Rh) factors and the occurrence and severity of refractive disorders (measured as Spherical Equivalent) in Saudi-based patients.
Method: There were 200 Saudi patients that were a cohort of patients that was used in a hospital-based cross-sectional study. The automated refraction and subjective refraction identified the refractive status. In order to have the data statistically independent of observations, the data of right eye (OD) of each participant was used. The patients used were classified in terms of ABO blood group and Spherical Equivalent (SE). Data would be analyzed using SPSS software and One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) would be used to compare the values of the mean refractive errors of blood groups.
Conclusion: This research paper concludes that no significant changes are between the ABO blood groups and refractive disorders in the sampled Saudi population. Although the ABO system is an essential genetic predictor of a range of systemic health disorders, it cannot seem to exert an effect on ocular refractive power, and as a predictive factor on myopia or hyperopia in the group. It is suggested that future studies that involve larger multi-center cohort studies and ocular biometry (axial length measurements) be conducted to determine relationships between subtle genetic associations.