Published 2025-11-10
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
Crowd management remains a persistent challenge at major pilgrimage sites in India, particularly those experiencing high daily footfall such as the Tirumala-Tirupati Devasthanam (TTD). Pilgrims often face long waiting times, inadequate amenities, and safety concerns, which collectively reduce overall satisfaction and may lead to overcrowding, stress, and, in unfortunate instances, tragic incidents. In response to these concerns, recent technological interventions have been introduced by TTD, including the establishment of an AI‑powered Integrated Command & Control Centre (ICCC) at the Vaikuntham Queue Complex. This centre utilizes real‑time monitoring, predictive analytics, and dynamic digital displays to streamline crowd flow and enhance service delivery [1][2].