Published 2022-12-15
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
Background: Nanotechnology's addition may enable bioactive systems that can control cell responses and facilitate tissue repair. Several types of nanoparticle-based materials are being examined for their potential to regenerate the dentin-pulp complex and promote healing of peri-implant bone.
Objective: This systematic review has assessed in vitro studies on various nanoparticles and their potential contributions to the regenerative processes of dental tissues.
Materials and Methods: This review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The review evaluated studies published between 2010 and 2020 that used the electronic databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Web of Science. The search was based on MeSH terms and included the following: “nanoparticles,” “silver nanoparticles,” “endodontic,” “root canal treatment,” and “regenerative dentistry.” For data extraction, the study parameters, nanoparticle type, targeted tissue, control group, and documented regenerative outcomes were extracted.
Results: The findings of the trials included in this review indicated that nanoparticles had a positive overall effect on dental and periodontal regeneration. Notably, the investigated nanoparticles (PEG-PEI, bioactive glass nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, chitosan nanoparticles, boron-modified bioactive glass nanoparticles) enhanced cell proliferation and mineralization as well as alkaline phosphatase activity, odontogenic differentiation potential in dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), osteogenic differentiation potential in mesenchymal stem cells, and regenerative signaling pathways. Sure, some nanoparticles also inhibited inflammatory mechanisms, but not in all cell types, especially in dental pulp cells.Citosan/PLA nanofibers cause a significant increase in the expression of various inflammatory mediators compared with the bioclimatic tissue response, and this effect is probably influenced by the dose and the toxin substance, which may influence the outcome.
Conclusion:Finally, nanoparticle-based scaffolds and delivery systems should represent a promising method for regenerative dentistry. It has been said that these materials may promote the repair of dentin, sound dental pulp, periodontal ligament, and even periodontal bone by directly stimulating cellular infiltration and increasing the quantity of an enriched matrix through augmented activity in vital cells associated with mineral deposition and differentiation pathways. All included studies were found to be at moderate risk of bias, as they were mainly in vitro experiments; therefore, additional well-designed clinical and in vivo studies are required to validate the safety, efficacy, and long-term regenerative effects.