Urban Cultural Philosophy in Light of Marxist Philosophy and Religious Thought: An Exploration of the Role of Spirituality in the City

Abstract

Marxism, a doctrine body is introduced by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels within the mid of the 19^th century. Originally, it incorporated three main ideas which included historical theory, a political and economic program, and a philosophical anthropology. Before 1914, Marxism has also been practiced and understood by different socialists. Marx has criticized capitalism in his book, “Das Kapital.” This paper has focussed on the urban cultural philosophy in light of Marxist philosophy and religious thought within the context of China. For this purpose, the theoretical framework was discussed, focusing on the Marxism philosophy, its principles and holistic character. In this regard, the “Sinicization of Marxism” (SoM) was also discussed followed by policy orientation of Marxism. Therefore, it has been observed that Marx and Engels have presented a theoretical and practical approach of communism, which helped in improving the social relations. The ideological alienation of Marxism is presented in different forms in legal, economic, and philosophical theories. Marxism was introduced in China 1840 after the Opium war, and SoM was introduced in 1938. This helped in the integration of Marxism philosophy in Chinese culture, which was effective in improving the social development of the country. According to this philosophy, the social interactions and transformations influence the urban culture of a country, impacting the spiritual well-being and religious approach. The findings of the present study affirm the significant influence of urban culture on religious through and spirituality in the contemporary China in the light of the Marxist ideology. The present study has also been effective in providing different practical implications which can be effective in integrating communism and promoting worker rights.