Cultural Philosophy in the Evolution of Western Music: Interpreting the Values of Music through Piano Performance

Abstract

The concept of music is derived from the basis of organized sound; however, there are several organised sounds that are not music. Western music is characterised by its unique forms of Western and European influence. Thus, by analysing the works of Plato, Aristotle, Rousseau, and Kant through piano performance, we sought to examine the complex interplay between cultural philosophy, artistic values, and the form and content of music. Our study was conducted through philosophical texts analysis of Plato, Aristotle, Rousseau, and Kant based on their perspectives on music. Musical case analysis of Bach fugue, Chopin mazurka, Debussy prelude, and Beethoven sonata. Thematic analyses were also performed to identify recurrent themes. The findings showed that Plato emphasized the ethical dimensions, Aristotle focused on the cathartic and educational roles, while Rousseau underscored innate goodness and natural expression. Kant associated music with transcendental aesthetic judgment. These interpretation approaches have become integral to Western classical music performance traditions, reflecting the enduring impact of philosophical ideals on the expressive interpretation of musical works.