Reciprocity in Chinese Language and Culture
VOLUME 21, 2024
The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review
VOLUME 6, 2023
Liu Liu
School of Foreign Languages, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414000, Hunan Province, China
School of Foreign Languages, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414000, Hunan Province, China
Yaqing Wu
School of Foreign Languages, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China
School of Foreign Languages, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China
Qiangwei Li
School of Foreign Languages, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China
School of Foreign Languages, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan Province, China
Abstract
Reciprocal constructions, which involve a grammatical pattern where each participant occupies both the role of agent and patient, have a seemingly simple sentence structure but actually denote complex semantic properties. Thus languages have come up with a great diversity of solutions to encode reciprocity within a single clausal structure. Recent typological work has focused this diversity from different aspects, however few work investigated Mandarin reciprocal constructions, which bears an important implicatures on the relationship between language form and function. This study presents a landscape of mandarin reciprocals from a typological approach and investigates how (1) reciprocity is encoded in language system, and (2) Confucius philosophical factors influence reciprocal strategies in Chinese. It is claimed that reciprocity in Chinese is represented in almost all grammatical levels, much richer than that in other languages. Two factors, language inherent nature and Confucius philosophical, function together in the representation of Chinese reciprocal constructions.
Keywords :
Reciprocity; Mandarin Chinese; Reciprocal Markers; Confucius Philosophy.
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.
Abstract
Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords :
Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty