As an important part of traditional Chinese art, Bashu painting occupies an important position in the history of Chinese art with its unique artistic characteristics and rich cultural connotations. From the perspective of regional culture, this article systematically analyzes the artistic characteristics of Bashu paintings, including its performance in subject matter, composition, color use, brushwork techniques and diversity of artistic styles. The research reveals the unique artistic style of Bashu painting formed under the influence of regional culture, and explores its cultural value in historical culture, aesthetic culture, folk culture, regional cultural identity and cultural exchanges. By analyzing the current situation of Bashu painting inheritance, this article proposes strategies for constructing inheritance mechanisms such as education, cultural industry, digitalization, community and cross-regional cooperation. The study pointed out that Bashu painting faces the challenge of integrating tradition and modernity in the context of contemporary art. The development of science and technology brings new opportunities and challenges to it. The market prospect is broad but the competition is fierce. This article recommends strengthening the protection and inheritance of Bashu paintings, promoting its innovative development in the context of globalization, and emphasizing the importance of cultural inheritance to promote the prosperity and development of Chinese culture.