Cultura

The Artistic and Cultural Symbolism of Cloud Patterns and Water Ripple Patterns in the Decoration of Ming and Qing Dynasty Buildings

VOLUME 21, 2024

The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review

VOLUME 6, 2023

Yihui Zhai
Xinyang Vocational and Technical College, Xinyang, Henan, China

Abstract

This research analysed the aesthetic, artistic values, cultural patterns, and symbolic meanings for which cloud and water ripple patterns have been used in the selected buildings constructed during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The study found that cloud motifs and water ripple patterns have been widely utilised in the architecture that prevailed during the Ming and Qing dynasties. However, rather than employing these patterns for aesthetic and artistic purposes, they have been largely used for the sake of cultural patterns and symbolic connotations. Although throughout the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the cloud and water ripple patterns have been used, however, as per the analysis conducted, there are some differences in the two dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, cloud patterns were used for denoting Confucian and Daoist ideas, while water ripple patterns have been largely introduced for functional purposes. On the other hand, in the Qing Dynasty, not only significant advancements have been noticed, but also more dynamic colours and intricate designs were introduced during the Qing dynasty. In the Qing dynasty, significant emphasis was made on the spiritual and imperial symbolism that has been witnessed in the case of cloud patterns and water ripple patterns.

Keywords : Cloud and Water Ripple; Qing Dynasty; Ming Dynasty; Cultural and Symbolic Chinese Architecture; Artistic Value of Chinese Architecture.
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.

Abstract

Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords : Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty