Cultura

Japanese Orientalism: The Construction of Chinese Representation in Wartime and Manchukuo Cinema

VOLUME 21, 2024

The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review

VOLUME 6, 2023

Qian Zhang
College of Communication Science and Art, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
Wenjun Ruan
The Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China

Abstract

During Japan’s wartime period (1937-1945), films produced by the Manchukuo Film Association served as propaganda tools to reinforce Japanese imperial ideology. These films portrayed Chinese characters in ways that marginalized and subordinated them using visual, narrative, and linguistic techniques. While previous research has examined these portrayals qualitatively, this study applies quantitative methods to validate these findings. Three computational techniques were used: (1) Film Scene and Shot Duration Quantification, (2) Social Network Analysis (SNA), and (3) Stylometric Analysis of Dialogue. The results show that Chinese characters received 32% less screen time than Japanese protagonists, with shorter average shot durations (3.4 seconds compared to 6.8 seconds for Japanese characters). Chinese figures were often framed in ways that reduced their visual prominence. The analysis of social network by Japanese characters showed that Japanese characters held a centrality degree (0.70) in a structural sense behind Chinese characters (0.30) to confirm their status as peripheral. When we analyzed dialogue on a stylometric basis, we found that 68% of the Chinese character lines contained negative sentiment whereas 22% of Japanese character dialogue had negative sentiment. This is also because Chinese characters had less lexical diversity (0.34) than their speech was, which means they were less varied and dynamic. In addition, Japanese dialogue often contained ideological keywords such as ‘civilization’ and ‘harmony’ in agreement with the imperial Japanese narrative of superiority.

Keywords : Japanese Orientalism, Manchukuo Cinema, Propaganda Films, Film Quantification, Social Network Analysis, Stylometric Analysis, Wartime Media.
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.

Abstract

Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords : Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty