With the in-depth development of globalization, local cultural characteristics have been impacted, and the importance of landscape design in shaping local cultural identity has become increasingly prominent. Based on this background, this study comprehensively uses the case analysis method and literature research method to conduct an in-depth analysis of the relevant theories of landscape design and local cultural identity. The study reveals that landscape design mainly shapes local cultural identity through three mechanisms. The first is to accurately extract and skillfully use regional cultural elements, and integrate unique local cultural symbols into the landscape. Second, it is committed to the reproduction and inheritance of history and culture, with the help of the protection and utilization of historical and cultural relics and the restoration and interpretation of historical scenes, so that the cultural memory of the past can be continued. The third is to promote the deep integration of natural landscape and cultural connotation, fully explore the cultural symbolism behind natural landscape, and realize the organic unity of nature and humanity. Suzhou Gardens is a subtle presentation of the water town culture in the south of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River National Cultural Park is a powerful demonstration of the Yellow River culture, and Songtang Village in Foshan. However, it cannot be ignored that landscape architecture faces problems such as cultural convergence caused by the impact of globalization, inherent limitations of design concepts and technologies, and low public participation in shaping local cultural identity. To this end, this study proposes targeted strategies, including strengthening the excavation and expression of regional cultural characteristics, innovating design concepts and technology applications, strengthening public participation and cultural communication, etc., aiming to lay a solid theoretical foundation and provide practical guidance for landscape design to better serve the shaping of local cultural identity.