This study examines the representation and transformation of traditional Chinese cultural images in Japanese translated novels, focusing on their types, translation strategies, and underlying influencing factors. Through textual analysis and case studies, the research reveals that the variation of these images is shaped by Japan’s cultural filtering mechanisms, translator subjectivity, and historical ideologies. For instance, Confucian concepts like "benevolence" and Daoist "nature" are reinterpreted to align with Japanese ethics and aesthetics, while literary classics such as ‘Romance of the Three Kingdoms’ and ‘Journey to the West’ undergo localized adaptations to suit Japanese cultural preferences. The study highlights how Japan’s selective absorption of Chinese cultural elements reflects broader power dynamics in cross-cultural communication. Comparative analysis further demonstrates distinct approaches between Chinese and Japanese translators: Chinese translators prioritize fidelity to source culture, whereas Japanese translators emphasize adaptation for local acceptance. The findings underscore the complexity of cultural interaction, emphasizing the need for adaptive strategies to mitigate cultural distortion while preserving core values in globalized contexts.