In the context of the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), this paper explores the innovation and optimization of the cultural system of ideological and political education in universities. It begins by analyzing the challenges and opportunities brought by AI to ideological and political education, and systematically expounds the theoretical basis of AI empowerment from the perspectives of educational communication theory, constructivist learning theory, and ideological and political education process theory. Through empirical research and case analysis, the study reveals the current situation of AI application in ideological and political education, including insufficient integration of technology and education, data security risks, and teacher adaptation difficulties. Based on this, the paper proposes three innovative dimensions: concept innovation (student-centered personalized education, human-machine collaborative education, data-driven precision education), content innovation (big data- based content supply, AI-integrated curriculum development, dynamic content system), and method innovation (intelligent interactive teaching, virtual simulation practice, intelligent evaluation feedback). Path optimization strategies are also put forward, including improving teachers' AI literacy, strengthening technological management, and promoting collaborative innovation among schools, enterprises, and society. This research provides theoretical support and practical guidance for promoting the modernization of ideological and political education in the AI era, aiming to cultivate high-quality talents with innovative thinking and social responsibility.