Cultura

Religious Experience as a Ground for Belief: An Investigation into its Verticality and Implications

VOLUME 22, 2025

The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review

VOLUME 6, 2023

Sofia Navarro
University of Paris-Sorbonne, France

Abstract

Religious experience has been considered central to belief in a divine entity and has influenced personal faith and religion in various cultures. This paper discusses the nature, epistemic standing, and consequences of the religious experience with regard to its verticality—whether such experiences actually refer to an external and transcendent reality. William James’ typology of mystic experiences, Alvin Plantinga’s idea of properly basic beliefs, and Richard Swinburne’s Principle of Credulity provide some support to claim religious experience as a source of belief. On the other hand, there are difficulties posed by psychological and neurological theories, cultural differences, and the problem of competing religions. The paper also focuses on the other aspects of religious experience including ethics, social activism, and relations between different faiths. Even though religious experience fails to most often give proof of the divine, its relevance is striking for it gives meaning to personal life on a level and societal discourse on the faith, reason, and spirituality of humanity.

Keywords : Religious Experience (RE), Ground for Beliefs (GFB), Verticality and Implications (V&I).
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.

Abstract

Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords : Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty