Cultura

Secularism and its Impact on Religious Practices: A Philosophical Inquiry

VOLUME 22, 2025

The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review

VOLUME 6, 2023

Felix J. Müller
University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Abstract

Secularism is a principle of philosophy and politics that calls for the separation of religion from state affairs while keeping matters of religion neutral in public spaces. This research looks at secularism’s effect on the practice of religion by examining its impact on legal structures, the practice of religion in public, religious bodies, and relations among faiths. Secularism, in promoting tolerance and freedom, compels one to worry over the limitation of religious expression, state interference in religion, and the upsurge of religious fundamentalism opposing secularism’s policies. In practice, secularism has developed out of Enlightenment thinking, revolutionary movements, and modernity, which informs current discussions concerning the function of religion in public life. While having contributed fundamentally to pluralism and coexistence, the lack of consistency in secularism’s application across different cultures and political systems contributes to friction between the religious and secular, which is often problematic. This paper argues that secularism does not eliminate religion; it merely suggests a new position for it in the contemporary world. There will always be an imbalance between the degree of religious freedom enjoyed by citizens and the level of secularism provided by the government. Primarily and politically, secularism is being exercised as a logical principle, perhaps more than any other principle, which has fundamentally modified religious practices. Inasmuch as it advocates the autonomy of an individual, it also poses a danger to religious traditions and identities. The consequences brought about by secularism in religious practices are not the same but depend on the particular legal system, the culture, and traditions, as well as the history of the people. Even as societies develop, the equilibrium of secularism and religion is still a very contested territory which has to be preserved with delicate contrasts between the idols of secularism and the true presence of multi-religiosity.

Keywords : Secularism (SS), Religious Practices (RP), Philosophical Inquiry (PI).
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.

Abstract

Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords : Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty