Cultura

Emergency Care Beyond The Hospital: A Review Of The Essential Role Of Paramedics In Rapid Response, Stabilization, And Survival

VOLUME 22, 2025

The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review

VOLUME 6, 2023

Bander Mossa Masoud Aldholmy Alfaifi, Yahya Hassan Zain Zarbatan, Faisal Ali hadadi, Aamad Yahya Ali Alqaisi, Ahmad Jaber Mohammed Alhaqwi
Hussain Ali Mana Alzuraya, Mohammed Abdullah Mohammed Algalail, Manassar Marzooq Maiegal Alyami, Mohammed Melfi Aldosari, Mulfi Mohammed Aldawsari

Abstract

Paramedics play a pivotal role in modern emergency medical systems by delivering rapid, life-saving care before patients reach hospital facilities. As frontline healthcare professionals, paramedics are often the first point of clinical contact during medical, traumatic, and environmental emergencies, where timely intervention is critical to survival. This review examines the essential role of paramedics in providing emergency care beyond the hospital, with a specific focus on rapid response, early stabilization, and survival outcomes. Drawing on contemporary evidence, the review synthesizes findings related to paramedic-led assessment, triage, airway and circulatory management, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, hemorrhage control, and coordination with receiving healthcare facilities. The analysis highlights how early prehospital interventions significantly influence patient outcomes by reducing mortality, minimizing complications, and improving neurological and functional recovery. In addition, the review explores the broader system-level contributions of paramedics, including enhanced emergency care continuity, reduced burden on emergency departments, and improved disaster and mass-casualty preparedness. The findings underscore the indispensable contribution of paramedics to emergency healthcare delivery and emphasize the need for sustained investment in paramedic training, expanded scopes of practice, and integration within evolving emergency medical service models.

Keywords : Paramedics; Emergency Medical Services; Prehospital Care; Rapid Response; Emergency Stabilization; Patient Survival.
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.

Abstract

Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords : Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty