The increasing use of artificial intelligence–based digital platforms in public administration has transformed access to public information, improving efficiency, automation, and decision-making processes. However, this transformation has also raised significant legal challenges related to informed consent and personal data protection. This study aims to analyze the legal implications of using artificial intelligence systems in digital platforms for accessing public information, with particular emphasis on the principles of informed consent, transparency, and data protection. A qualitative–analytical methodology was adopted, based on a systematic review of recent legal frameworks, international regulations, and scholarly literature published between 2020 and 2025. The findings reveal that current legal systems face substantial gaps in regulating algorithmic decision-making, user consent mechanisms, and the protection of sensitive data processed by artificial intelligence systems. The study highlights the need to strengthen regulatory frameworks, ensure algorithmic transparency, and promote ethical governance models that safeguard fundamental rights in digital public information systems. These results contribute to the legal and academic debate on digital governance and artificial intelligence in the public sector.