Cultura

Smart EMS Systems And Rapid Response: A Review Of Paramedic Integration In Modern Emergency Care

VOLUME 22, 2025

The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review

VOLUME 6, 2023

Majed Mijlad, Mohammed Ali Alnashwan, Muteb Alharthi, Mohammed Almutairi, Mohsen Fahaid Alharthi, Alhassan Ahmed M Alyami
Alaba Latihy, Abdulrahman Saleh B, Alfahadi, Falah Mohammed A, Aiydh Hamadan F Alfahad, Saeed Saleh Faris Almansour

Abstract

The growing demand for rapid, accurate, and coordinated emergency care has accelerated the transition from traditional Emergency Medical Services (EMS) to smart, technology-enabled systems. Within these systems, paramedics play a pivotal role as frontline clinicians and operational integrators who translate digital intelligence into time-critical interventions. This review examines current evidence on the integration of paramedics within smart EMS systems and its influence on rapid response performance, patient outcomes, and system efficiency in modern emergency care. An integrative review approach was adopted, synthesizing empirical and conceptual studies published between 2016 and 2025 that address paramedic practice, smart dispatch, digital decision support, telemedicine, and system-level coordination. The reviewed evidence demonstrates that smart EMS–enabled paramedic integration is associated with reduced response times, improved prehospital decision-making, earlier initiation of life-saving interventions, and enhanced continuity of care from scene to hospital. Technologies such as artificial intelligence–supported dispatch, electronic patient care records, teleconsultation, and smart routing systems significantly strengthen paramedic effectiveness in high-acuity emergencies. Despite these benefits, challenges related to workforce training, interoperability, governance, and ethical use of digital tools persist. This review highlights the central role of paramedics in smart EMS systems and underscores the importance of aligning technology, policy, and workforce development to optimize rapid emergency response.

Keywords : Smart EMS; Paramedics; Rapid Response; Emergency Medical Services; Digital Health; Prehospital Care.
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.

Abstract

Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords : Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty