Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a major global challenge, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and rising healthcare costs. Traditional infection control efforts have often relied on isolated, department-specific interventions, which have shown limited effectiveness in increasingly complex healthcare systems. This comprehensive review examines infection control as a system-wide responsibility, emphasizing the impact of multidisciplinary medical department practices on patient and organizational outcomes. Drawing on recent evidence from international healthcare settings, the review synthesizes findings on core infection control functions, including surveillance, standard precautions, environmental safety, antimicrobial stewardship, workforce training, and governance mechanisms. Particular attention is given to how coordination, communication, and shared accountability across medical departments enhance compliance, reduce infection transmission, and strengthen patient safety culture. The review also explores the role of digital health technologies and organizational leadership in supporting integrated infection control strategies. Overall, the findings demonstrate that multidisciplinary, system-based approaches are consistently associated with lower HAI rates, improved clinical outcomes, cost efficiency, and enhanced workforce safety. The review concludes that strengthening infection control requires moving beyond siloed practices toward coordinated, evidence-informed frameworks that embed infection prevention into everyday clinical and operational processes across healthcare systems.