Background: Exercise therapy is a cornerstone of diabetes management, yet patient response is often evaluated using subjective or functional measures alone. Laboratory-based documentation provides objective evidence of metabolic and physiological adaptation to exercise interventions.

Objective: This review aims to examine the role of laboratory investigations in documenting patient response to exercise therapy in diabetes, emphasizing their clinical value in monitoring effectiveness, safety, and individualized care.

Methods: A narrative review of international guidelines and peer-reviewed literature was conducted, focusing on laboratory markers commonly used to assess glycemic control, lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory status in patients undergoing exercise therapy.

Results: Evidence consistently demonstrates that structured exercise programs lead to significant improvements in laboratory markers such as HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profiles, and inflammatory indicators. Laboratory-based monitoring enables early identification of responders and non-responders, supports treatment personalization, and enhances interdisciplinary collaboration among physiotherapists, laboratory professionals, nurses, and physicians.

Conclusion: Integrating laboratory documentation into exercise therapy programs strengthens evidence-based diabetes care by providing objective outcome measures, improving patient safety, and supporting personalized treatment strategies. Future models should combine laboratory data with digital health tools to optimize long-term diabetes management.