Diabetes mellitus is a rapidly growing global public health challenge with profound epidemiological and administrative implications for health systems. The increasing prevalence of diabetes, coupled with its chronic course and multisystem complications, has placed sustained pressure on healthcare services and highlighted the limitations of fragmented, physician-centered care models. From an epidemiological perspective, diabetes represents a long-term population-level burden that requires coordinated planning, prevention strategies, and continuous management rather than episodic clinical intervention.

This narrative, policy-oriented review examines diabetes from an administrative and epidemiological perspective, with particular emphasis on the integration of nursing and oral health services into health system–based diabetes management pathways. Drawing on evidence from international epidemiological reports, health policy documents, and peer-reviewed literature, the review explores how epidemiological data can inform administrative decision-making, workforce organization, and service integration.

The findings demonstrate that nursing services play a critical role in operationalizing diabetes care through patient education, monitoring, continuity of care, and translation of epidemiological evidence into routine practice. Additionally, strong epidemiological evidence supports the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease, underscoring the need to integrate oral and dental health services into diabetes management frameworks. However, administrative separation between medical, nursing, and dental services remains a major barrier to coordinated care in many health systems.

The review concludes that epidemiology-informed health administration provides a robust framework for integrating nursing and oral health services into diabetes care pathways. Such integration has the potential to improve clinical outcomes, enhance system efficiency, and support sustainable health system responses to the growing diabetes burden. Policymakers and health administrators are encouraged to adopt integrated, multidisciplinary models of diabetes care grounded in epidemiological evidence and health system strengthening principles.