Healthcare systems increasingly face challenges arising from fragmented service delivery, siloed departmental structures, and misalignment between organizational strategy and patient care processes. Addressing these challenges requires a strategic approach that aligns medical departments around shared patient-centered goals. This comprehensive review examines how governance structures, workforce alignment, and clinical integration models contribute to the effective design and implementation of patient care strategies across healthcare organizations. Using an integrative review approach, evidence from recent international literature is synthesized to identify key mechanisms that support cross-departmental coordination and strategic coherence. The review highlights the critical role of shared governance frameworks, interprofessional workforce collaboration, and integrated clinical and operational processes in improving patient safety, care continuity, and overall system performance. Findings demonstrate that strategic alignment among medical departments enhances patient experience, optimizes resource utilization, and supports sustainable quality improvement. The review further proposes an integrated perspective that links leadership, workforce capabilities, and clinical pathways into a unified patient care strategy model. These insights provide practical guidance for healthcare leaders and policymakers seeking to strengthen system-level coordination and advance patient-centered care through strategic departmental alignment.