Background: Diagnostic safety is a critical dimension of patient safety and healthcare quality, as diagnostic errors continue to contribute significantly to patient harm worldwide. Nursing and radiology professionals play essential and complementary roles throughout the diagnostic process; however, evidence regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to diagnostic safety remains fragmented across the literature.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to synthesize existing evidence on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nursing and radiology professionals in promoting diagnostic safety and to identify key themes, gaps, and implications for clinical practice and future research.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL was performed for peer-reviewed studies published between 2014 and 2024. Studies were eligible if they empirically assessed knowledge, attitudes, or practices related to diagnostic or patient safety among nursing and/or radiology professionals. Data extraction and quality appraisal were conducted using standardized methods, and findings were synthesized narratively due to heterogeneity in study designs and outcome measures.

Results: The included studies were predominantly cross-sectional and descriptive, conducted across diverse healthcare settings and regions. Overall, nursing and radiology professionals demonstrated positive attitudes toward diagnostic safety and acknowledged its importance in patient care. However, gaps were consistently identified in diagnostic safety–specific knowledge, particularly related to diagnostic reasoning, communication of critical findings, and follow-up of diagnostic results. Reported practices varied widely, with inconsistencies in documentation, interdisciplinary communication, and formal diagnostic safety training across institutions.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that while nursing and radiology professionals recognize the importance of diagnostic safety, variations in knowledge and clinical practices persist. Strengthening diagnostic safety requires targeted education, enhanced interprofessional collaboration, and supportive organizational cultures that promote non-punitive learning and continuous improvement. Future research should focus on standardized assessment tools and the effectiveness of interdisciplinary interventions to improve diagnostic safety outcomes.