Risk Factors Of Diabetic Complications Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review
VOLUME 21, 2024
The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review
VOLUME 6, 2023
Muna Suliman Alshareef, Nuha Tariq sharaf, Fayrouz talal sroji, Abdulrahman Saleh Alzilfi, Abdulwahid Abdulhadi Althagafi
Khulud Hamed Alharbi, Hoda Jehad Abousada, Ahmed Yahya Haqawi, Renad Mehsen Solan, Majed Hassan Mathkur
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a major public health challenge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), with a high prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality.
Objective: To systematically review the literature evaluating risk factors associated with diabetic complications among patients with DM in KSA.
Methods: A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted for studies published between 2000 and 2025. Observational studies conducted in Saudi populations reporting risk factors for diabetic complications were included. Due to heterogeneity, results were synthesized narratively.
Results: Evidence from regional and national Saudi studies indicates that poor glycemic control, longer duration of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, and older age are the most consistently reported risk factors for diabetic complications. Poor glycemic control and hypertension were strongly associated with both microvascular and macrovascular outcomes.
Conclusion: Diabetic complications in KSA are driven by largely modifiable risk factors. Strengthening early diagnosis, multifactorial risk factor control, and longitudinal data systems is essential to reduce the national burden of complications.
Keywords :
Diabetes mellitus; diabetic complications; risk factors; Saudi Arabia; retinopathy; nephropathy; neuropathy; cardiovascular disease..
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.
Abstract
Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords :
Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty