Introduction: There is rampant use of antibiotics in pediatric and maternity wards which can be typified by application of empirical therapy and broad-spectrum antibiotics. The prescriptions are unreasonable, and the risks of negative reactions and antimicrobial resistance are increased. The analyzed research paper discusses the prescribing patterns and reasonable use of prescription in Makkah hospitals.

Purpose of Work: To compare the tendencies, justifiability, and suitability of the prescription of antibiotics in pediatrics and the maternity departments. It is also in the paper that the issues that influence the prescribing behavior are determined. The implications of the antimicrobial stewardship on the clinical practice and implications are also discussed.

Methods: The descriptive-analytical type of design was utilized, and it included a literature review of the hospital records and available literature. The data of the pediatric and maternity wards were analyzed to evaluate the nature of antibiotics given and signs and compliance to the prescribed instructions. The analysis of the results took place in the context of rationality in drug use.

Findings: The use of antibiotics was widespread, and the most widespread ones were empirical and broad-spectrum. There was no usual microbiological confirmation of pediatric and maternity patients. Prescription inconsistencies are pointers to the lapses in the compliance with the guidelines and reasonable use of drugs.

Conclusion: Non-adherence to guideline and high empirical use of antibiotic prescribing in the pediatric and maternity wards. Rational drug use and stewardship programs are essential in order to maximize therapy and minimize resistance to antimicrobials. Sustainable development involves learning, observation, and enforcement of policy.