Healthcare systems worldwide are increasingly challenged by service fragmentation, rising care complexity, and growing demands for quality, efficiency, and patient-centered outcomes. In response, innovation and integration across medical and allied health practices have become critical strategies for strengthening healthcare delivery. This comprehensive review aims to examine how innovative clinical, digital, and organizational approaches support the integration of medical, nursing, diagnostic, and allied health services across the continuum of care. A structured review of recent literature was conducted using major health databases, focusing on multidisciplinary collaboration, integrated care models, and enabling innovations within healthcare systems. The findings indicate that integrated practices—supported by digital health technologies, interprofessional teamwork, and effective governance—are consistently associated with improvements in patient safety, care coordination, clinical outcomes, and system efficiency. Medical leadership, nursing coordination, and allied health contributions were identified as complementary and interdependent components of successful integrated care models. Despite demonstrated benefits, barriers such as organizational silos, workforce constraints, and limited interoperability continue to hinder implementation. This review highlights the importance of innovation-driven integration in achieving resilient, high-quality healthcare systems and provides a conceptual foundation to inform future research, policy development, and practical implementation across diverse healthcare contexts.