Code-Switching in an English Language Classroom in Saudi Arabia
VOLUME 22, 2025
The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review
VOLUME 6, 2023
Saad Alqarni
Abstract
This study examines code-switching (CS) in Saudi Arabian ESL classrooms, focusing on its educational, communicative, and social implications. Code-switching, the alternation between languages in discourse, is analyzed through sociolinguistic and interactional lenses to explore its motivations, functions, and student attitudes. It reveals that CS serves as a cognitive and social tool, aiding comprehension, engagement, and cultural identity expression. Thematic analysis shows that CS bridges linguistic gaps, fosters peer interaction, and creates a supportive learning environment, particularly for students with differing English proficiency. It facilitates vocabulary, grammar, and communicative skills development while reducing anxiety and boosting confidence. Key functions include translation, seeking assistance, and strengthening social bonds. The paper concludes that CS supports, rather than hinders, L2 acquisition, promoting dynamic and inclusive classrooms. Incorporating sociolinguistic theories, the research highlights CS's role in linking language, culture, and identity and offers practical insights for ESL teaching in Arabic-speaking contexts.
Keywords :
Code-switching, English as a Second Language, Classroom communication, Language proficiency, Interactional discourse analysis.
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.
Abstract
Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords :
Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty