Intersecting Environmental and Health Crises: A Review of Respiratory And Infectious Disease Risks in Changing Ecosystems
VOLUME 21, 2024
The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review
VOLUME 6, 2023
Alshammari, Abdullatif Fehaid J, Alhusinawi, Sultan Abdulhamid, Mohammed Salem Alghaithi, Basheer Fhaid Jadlan Alshammari, Alshammari, Turki Ashwi S
Alanazi, Bader Mohammed A, Alshammari, Khalid Mufareh F, Alshammari, Abdullah Fuhaid Jadlan, Alshammari Khalaf Basheer Mashhuor, Mohammed Nawi Jaddan Alshammari
Abstract
Background: Environmental change—driven by climate variability, pollution, urbanization, and ecosystem disruption—has emerged as a major determinant of population health.
Objective: This review aims to synthesize current evidence on how environmental changes influence the emergence, transmission, and severity of respiratory diseases and infectious outbreaks.
Methods: A narrative or systematic literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed studies focusing on climate factors, air quality, ecosystem disruption, and disease outcomes.
Results: Findings indicate strong associations between environmental stressors and increased respiratory morbidity, altered infectious disease dynamics, and heightened outbreak risks.
Conclusion: Integrated environmental and health strategies are essential to mitigate disease risks in changing ecosystems.
Keywords :
Environmental change; respiratory diseases; Infectious outbreaks; Climate change; Ecosystem health; Public health.
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.
Abstract
Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords :
Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty