This study examines the rationalist framework and Mu'tazilah theological nuances embedded in Qāḍī ʿAbd al-Jabbār's exegetical masterwork, Tanzīh al-Qurʾān ʿan al-Maṭāʿin. Through systematic analysis of contemporary scholarship and primary sources, we investigate how ʿAbd al-Jabbār employs a tripartite proof system rational (ʿaqlī), revelational (samʿī), and linguistic (lughawī) to construct a coherent interpretive methodology that privileges reason while maintaining fidelity to Qurʾānic text. The study traces the manifestation of the five foundational principles (al-Uṣūl al-Khamsah) of Mu'tazilah theology within his tafsir, particularly emphasizing divine unity (tawḥīd), divine justice (ʿadl), and the rational basis of moral responsibility. Our analysis reveals that ʿAbd al-Jabbār's hermeneutical approach, especially his systematic application of figurative interpretation (taʾwīl) to anthropomorphic verses, represents a sophisticated attempt to reconcile rational theology with scriptural authority. Contemporary scholarly debates surrounding his methodology including critiques of excessive rationalism, accusations of divine negation (taʿṭīl), and questions about the epistemic primacy of reason are examined through comparative, linguistic, and hermeneutical lenses. This research contributes to understanding medieval Islamic rationalist exegesis and its continuing relevance for contemporary Islamic thought, demonstrating how ʿAbd al-Jabbār's work navigates the complex relationship between reason, language, and revelation in Qurʾānic interpretation.