Patient assessment is a foundational clinical process directly influencing patient safety outcomes in hospital settings. Nursing technicians, as frontline care providers, play a critical role in early detection of clinical deterioration, documentation accuracy, and communication of patient status changes. In Saudi Arabian hospitals, rapid healthcare expansion and workforce diversification have intensified the need to understand how knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among nursing technicians affect patient safety outcomes. This review synthesizes peer-reviewed evidence examining the relationship between nursing personnel’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding patient assessment and measurable safety indicators. A structured review guided by PRISMA 2020 principles was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Findings indicate that higher knowledge levels correlate with improved recognition of clinical deterioration and adherence to safety protocols. Positive attitudes toward patient safety foster reporting behaviors and teamwork engagement, while evidence-based practices reduce adverse events such as falls, medication errors, and failure-to-rescue incidents. Organizational culture, ongoing education, leadership support, and workload significantly mediate these relationships. Although Saudi-specific empirical data remain limited, international evidence supports a strong, interdependent association between KAP domains and patient safety outcomes. Strengthening competency-based training and cultivating safety-oriented organizational cultures may enhance patient safety performance in Saudi hospital environments.