Cultura

Modernist Saudi Cinema: A study of four films as reflections of the individual and society

VOLUME 22, 2025

The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review

VOLUME 6, 2023

Menia Mohammad Almenia

Abstract

 

The past decade has seen a steady movement of Saudi cinema from marginal to global visibility, signaling broad socio-cultural transformations within the Kingdom. This research analyzes through a modernist critical framework four contemporary Saudi films as key sites of narrative agency, ideological negotiation, and self-representation. Wadjda, Barakah Meets Barakah, The Perfect Candidate, and Scales are analyzed in this study textually and contextually. The study is unique as it goes beyond treating Saudi cinema as a peripheral cultural phenomenon to explore how it treats the constructs of identity, gender, religion, and modernity amid a rapidly shifting political and social landscape. Each film included in this study articulates a distinct strategy of cinematic self-fashioning: Wadjda highlights female resistance through childhood agency, Barakah Meets Barakah examines romantic intimacy under social censure, The Perfect Candidate critiques women's political participation, and Scales explores patriarchal sacrifice and collective memory. The narratology moves from externally imposed stereotypes to internal growth of characters that highlights the conflict of tradition with modernity, visibility with restriction, and global circulation with cultural sovereignty. This study positions Saudi cinema globally and locally, asserting that contemporary Saudi films serve as modernist cultural texts that mirror and reshape social realities. It highlights cinema's dual role as a reflective medium and a transformative force in expressing modernist identity and cultural self-representation.

Keywords : Saudi Cinema, Modernist Films, Arab National Cinema, World Cinema, Gender Representation, Cultural Sovereignty, Visual Culture, Critical Narratives.
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.

Abstract

Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords : Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty