Cultura

Epistemic Shielding And Visionary Authority In The 12th Century: The Case Of Hildegard Of Bingen

VOLUME 23, 2026

The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review

VOLUME 6, 2023

José Gregorio Camargo Restrepo

Abstract

This article explores the concept of epistemic shielding and applies it to the case of Hildegard of Bingen, 12th century, to explain how the authority of knowledge is constructed and stabilized under structurally adverse conditions. It is argued that epistemic shielding designates an articulated set of discursive strategies and social infrastructures that protect a knowledge claim from foreseeable objections, redistributing the burden of justification toward sources recognized as superior within an epistemic community. Based on primary sources in academic translations (Scivias, correspondence, and hagiographic material), three main mechanisms are identified: (1) humble and self-weakened self-presentation (“earthen vessel,” “poor feminine form”) that reduces suspicion and predisposes the reception; (2) displacement of the epistemic foundation, where the visionary voice explicitly declares that it speaks not according to rational demonstration but by received mandate; (3) Institutionalization and the social ecology of validation, comprised of scribes, monastic communities, epistolary networks, manuscript circulation, and papal authorization. The discussion shows that the case does not simply pit revelation against reason, but rather a historical rationality where testimony, authority, mediation, and orthodox control co-produce credibility. The article concludes with implications for the history of rationality and for contemporary debates on epistemic authority, testimony, and economies of credibility.

Keywords : Epistemic shielding, philosophy, epistemic authority..
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.

Abstract

Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords : Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty