The Architecture of Accounting, Law, Economics, and the Firm: An Integrated Institutional Framework
VOLUME 22, 2025
The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review
VOLUME 6, 2023
Dr. P. Govindasamy, Dr. Gajapathy Vijayarengam, Dr. Ravimohan Rajamohan
Abstract
The new integrated institutional framework presented in this article regards the modern firm as an architectural system composed of four interlinked pillars: organizational structure, law, accounting, and economics. This paper generates inter-disciplinary theories to shed light on how firms access capital, manage stakeholders, and maintain their legitimacy in a complex market environment. These hypotheses include transaction cost economics (Coase, 1937; Williamson, 1985), agency theory (Jensen & Meckling, 1976), property rights theory (Grossman & Hart, 1986), corporate law (Easterbrook & Fischel, 1991), and others.This paper suggests that economics offers a logic of efficiency, law provides a set of enforceable governance structures, accounting facilitates the operationalization of economic performance through standardized measurement, and the firm integrates these mechanisms to create a coordinated institutional system. This paper makes a contribution to the corporate governance and institutional economics literature by developing a new model of systems applicable to both emerging and developed economies, and offers a set of research propositions that can be empirically tested.
Keywords :
Institutional Architecture, Firm Theory, Corporate Governance, Accounting Quality, Legal Origins, Transaction Costs, Agency Theory.
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.
Abstract
Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords :
Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty