Cultura

Comparative Analysis of Sarima and Holt-Winters Models for Rainfall Prediction in Cajamarca, Peru

VOLUME 23, 2026

The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review

VOLUME 6, 2023

José Romero-Rojas, Segundo Sánchez-Tello, Mariela Núñez-Figueroa, Sandra Rodriguez-Avila, Edwin Valencia-Castillo

Abstract

The research compares two models for rainfall prediction in the Cajamarca Valley, Peru, for the period 2021-2024 using the SARIMA econometric models and the Holt-Winters Additive Exponential Smoothing. The analysis of monthly rainfall in the Cajamarca Valley reveals considerable variability in the data. The rainiest year was 2012 with a total of 823.9 mm, while 2020 was the least rainy recording only 340.2 mm. Rainfall is unpredictable for agricultural activities, as well as for human consumption. In the Cajamarca valley there are significant fluctuations over the years, with months of less rainfall generally between May and September. When performing the comparative analysis of the statistics corresponding to both models in order to evaluate their predictive capacity, it has been observed that the Holt-Winters Additive Exponential Smoothing Model stands out significantly compared to the SARIMA Model. In this sense, the Root Mean Squared of Errors (RMSE) shows values of 28,697 versus 41,546, and the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) shows values of 20,044 as opposed to 29,260, both results being lower in the SARIMA model. It is worth noting that lower values in these metrics indicate greater model precision. In addition, the R² (Coefficient of Determination) evaluates the effectiveness of the fit of a model, where a higher value indicates a better quality of fit. In this situation, a value of 0.657 is observed, which exceeds the 0.287 corresponding to the SARIMA model. This high R² value suggests that the Holt-Winters Additive Exponential Smoothing model provides superior tuning and more accurate predictions of rainfall in the Cajamarca Valley. The methodology to predict rainfall in the Cajamarca Valley can be applicable to any city in the country and other places with similar characteristics.

Keywords : Rainfall Forecasting, Time Series, SARIMA Models, Holt-Winters Additive Exponential Smoothing Model, Prediction..
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.

Abstract

Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords : Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty