Cultura

Impact of Organizational Management and the Regulatory Framework on Informal Employment: An Analysis of Laws 100 of 1993 and 789 of 2002 in 23 Cities of Colombia (1994-2023)

VOLUME 21, 2024

The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review

VOLUME 6, 2023

Luis Alfonso Moreno Corredor, Leonardo Quijano Brand, Sandra Constanza Tiuzo Martínez

Abstract

This article analyzes the behavior of informal employment across Colombia's 23 main cities and metropolitan areas over three decades (1994-2023), examining how the implementation of Law 100 of 1993 and Law 789 of 2002 transformed organizational management strategies and labor market structures. Through a longitudinal analysis of data from DANE’s Great Integrated Household Survey (GEIH) and retrospective series, the evolution of informality is studied as a strategic response by productive units to shifting hiring and social security costs. The results reveal a general downward trend since 2010, heavily conditioned by the maturation of business management models in urban centers. While cities like Bogotá, Medellín, and Manizales exhibit consolidated formalization processes with rates between 34% and 37% (2023), locations such as Sincelejo, Riohacha, and Valledupar reflect precarious and fragmented organizational management, with informality levels exceeding 65%. Findings suggest that the increase in parafiscal costs under Law 100 strained the financial management of organizations, leading to informal practices (1994-2002), whereas Law 789 of 2002 introduced human talent management based on flexibility, yielding heterogeneous effects on quality job creation. The study concludes with a multidimensional explanatory model that integrates regional development, human capital, organizational management maturity, institutional capacity, and gender equity as critical determinants of urban labor reality in Colombia.

Keywords : Informal labor, Organizational management, Law 100 of 1993, Law 789 of 2002, urban labor market, social security, corporate culture, institutional capacities, Colombia..
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.

Abstract

Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords : Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty