Cultura

The Role of Central Bank Digital Currencies (Cbdcs) in Modernizing Cross-Border Trade Settlements: A Primary Data-Based Study

VOLUME 22, 2025

The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review

VOLUME 6, 2023

Dr. BIJINA C K

Abstract

Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) are a game-changer in the financial landscape, providing a safe and regulated digital currency option for financial processes to central banks. With the growing globalisation of trade, and the need for quicker, clearer and more cost-effective payment systems, modernisation of International trade settlements is all the more imperative. Conventional facilitation of payments are often characterized by high settlement costs, many intermediaries, complexity of regulation, lack of transparency, delayed settlement, and high transaction costs. From this perspective, CBDCs have emerged as a promising option that may enhance cross-border transactions' efficiency, velocity, and security via digital financial infrastructure and blockchain technologies.This study seeks to analyze the CBDC opportunities and challenges in contemporary cross-border trade settlements and assess the expectation of the stakeholders toward the adoption and effectiveness of CBDCs. The research method used is primary data, based on a quantitative approach, with questioning techniques in the form of questionnaires, which are given to banking practitioners, exporters, importers, fintech experts, and financial analysts. Data are then evaluated using statistical analysis methods like percentage analysis, correlation methods, and regression methods, to determine the relationship between the adoption of the CBDC and the efficiency of transacting settlements. The potential benefits of these findings include substantial transaction speed and costs savings, improved transparency and financial inclusion in international trade for CBDRs. Nevertheless, cyber security, regulatory compatibility and technological preparedness issues are key issues to consider for successful implementation.

Keywords : Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), Cross-Border Trade, Digital Payments, International Settlements.
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.

Abstract

Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords : Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty