Cultura

Knowledge and Awareness of Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Eastern Provinces: A Cross-Sectional Study

VOLUME 23, 2026

The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review

VOLUME 6, 2023

Mahdi Hassan aldajani
MD, Family medicine consultant, Diabetoligy fellow , Eastern health cluster - Dammam Medical Complex mhaldajani@moh.gov.sa

Abstract

Background: The development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is closely linked to obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Many people who have type 2 diabetes are at risk for liver steatosis and progressive (negligence) fibrosity, but many patients do not know about their condition or even know they may be at high risk. Why is this?  Objective: To evaluate the level of familiarity with MASLD among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Eastern Provinces and to investigate the demographic characteristics, knowledge, and awareness associated with this condition. Methods: The analysis was cross-sectional.' p. They collected 500 full survey records. Among the questions were sociodemographic characteristics, diabetes-related anthropometric measures, chronic conditions, 23 knowledge questions, and 15 awareness statements. The total knowledge score ranged from 0 to 23, which was calculated by adding the correct answers. A five-point Likert scale was used to rate the awareness statements and provide a summary of the scores as attainable. The use of descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson chi square tests, independent samples t tests (anti-admix bias), one-way analysis of variance, Tukey comparisons, Spearman correlation, Binary logistic regression. and multiple linear regression were all employed. A p 0.05 was the threshold for statistical significance. Results: There was an average total knowledge of 11.85 4.29 out of 23 and an awareness score of 3.11 д, 0.52 t in 5. The awareness scale was considered to be of good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.813) and the knowledge measure (alpha/KR 20 = 0.750). MASLD or NAFLD was present in 241 individuals (48.2%). The category of body mass index was significantly linked to MASLD status (2 = 52.201, df = 4, test result 0,001; Cramer's variable V is 0.233). The mean weight group's prevalence increased from 22.0% to 87.1% in those with obesity class III, according to the study. In the unadjusted analysis, MASLD was found to have fewer significant correlations with dyslipidemia (2 = 4.866, P value 0.099). Knowledge and awareness scores were most strongly correlated with education level.? A significant correlation existed between total knowledge and awareness, with Pearson's = 0.766 and the p - 0.001 test indicating positive or negative. The body mass index was the only significant independent predictor of MASLD status in the adjusted logistic model (adjusted odds ratio = 1.146 per unit, 95% confidence interval: 1.101 to 1.193). The multiple linear regression model found that knowledge was the most significant predictor of awareness (B = 0.080, p 0.001). Conclusion: Knowledge of MASLD was moderate, while awareness was mostly low or moderate. Better understanding was consistently associated with higher education, and the most evident clinical factor linked to MASLD status was body mass index. There was considerable interest in obtaining further information, but only a few participants reported that neurologist had spoken to them about their individual risk of MASLD. [N]. By incorporating clear liver health education and structured metabolic risk assessment, early detection and patient involvement in diabetes may be enhanced. [A].

Keywords : metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, knowledge; awareness, obesity, body mass index, health literacy, diabetes care, Eastern Provinces, Saudi Arabia.
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.

Abstract

Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords : Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty