Along with the rapid development of international economic integration and the proposal of China's "One Belt, One Road" initiative, China and the countries along the international "One Belt, One Road" will establish a more in-depth and broader cooperation system in the field of social reform, and vocational universities should seize the opportunity of development to actively promote the development of English teaching and clarify the goals of English teaching to improve the effectiveness of vocational university English teaching in all aspects. English teaching in vocational universities should seize the opportunity of development, actively promote the development of English teaching, clarify the goals of English teaching, and improve the effect of English teaching in vocational universities from all aspects. This paper investigates the current situation of English teaching in vocational universities under the perspective of "One Belt, One Road", finds the existing problems of English teaching in vocational universities, and analyzes and researches the specific optimization strategies of English teaching in vocational universities, in order to improve the English language proficiency and cross-cultural communication ability of vocational college students.