Our research investigated cultural inheritance and protection in two traditional villages, Hongcun and Xidi, within Anhui Province, China. We employed a mixed methods approach, combining a case study analysis, surveys with villagers, and semi-structured interviews. The case study analysis revealed well-preserved architectural styles reflecting the Ming and Qing dynasties, showcasing the unique heritage of the Hui people. Villagers continue to observe traditional festivals, crafts, and agricultural methods, highlighting the ongoing transmission of cultural practices across generations. The traditional village layout, with shared courtyards and communal spaces, fosters a strong sense of community, a value deeply ingrained in Chinese culture (collectivism). The presence of ancestral halls further emphasizes the importance of honouring ancestors and preserving family history, aligning with Confucian philosophy's emphasis on filial piety. The villages' UNESCO World Heritage status signifies international recognition of their cultural significance and fosters collaboration in their preservation. A recurring theme was the importance of intergenerational transmission of knowledge and practices, echoing Confucian ideals of education and respect for elders. The concept of community participation emerged as crucial for effective cultural preservation, aligning with the philosophical concept of collective responsibility. Our research highlights the importance of cultural heritage in these villages and the challenges faced in ensuring its continuity.