The influence of French literary works is recognized, and China's curiosity and fascination with French literature also have a long history. The translation of French works really occupies a very important position and weight in the translation history of China. Literary translation plays an important role in cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. Since China came into contact with French literature at the end of 19th century, translators in China have been studying and translating French literature for more than centuries. In this tortuous and wonderful stage of development, people have harvested and appreciated many excellent French literary works and cultivated many excellent translators and literary experts. The mutual translation and exchange of Chinese and foreign literary works is an important content in translation theory. This paper intends to conduct research from the perspective of translation, trying to explore the characteristics of French literature translation in China in the 17th and 18th centuries from the aspects of the relationship between French and literature and the challenges encountered in the translation of French literary works, and to reveal the present situation, achievements and problems worth considering in the translation of French literature in China in the 17th and 18th centuries. Our study's implications lie in its exploration of the intricate relationship between translating French literature and 17th-18th century China. It demonstrates how translation served as a bridge for cultural exchange while also facing challenges due to historical contexts and contrasting social needs.