This study investigated the evolution of music across eras, employing a qualitative research design that incorporated musicological analysis, historical contextualization, critical theory analysis, and comparative analyses. By examining musical scores from diverse periods (e.g., Bach's Baroque suites, Beyoncé's contemporary Lemonade), the research revealed a clear distinction in compositional techniques. The Baroque era heavily relied on polyphonic textures, while contemporary music showcased a preference for homophonic textures. Furthermore, historical contextualization explored the influence of the patronage system in the Baroque period, contrasting it with the commercial pressures of the contemporary music industry. Both eras, however, demonstrated the impact of technological advancements on musical creation. Thematic analysis exposed a significant shift in focus between eras. Baroque music, exemplified by Bach's cantatas, centered on religious devotion, while contemporary music, as seen in Beyoncé's Lemonade, prioritized themes of love and relationships. Social commentary played a minor role in both eras, suggesting a difference in artistic priorities. A feminist lens applied to Beyoncé's music revealed a challenge to traditional gender roles, highlighting the contrasting power dynamics in music creation across eras. The Baroque composer, constrained by patrons, faced limitations on creative freedom, while contemporary artists navigate collaborations with producers and labels.