Cultura

From Assumed Malice to Fundamental Neutrality: Reassessing Xunzi’s Perspective on Human Nature and its Educational Implications

VOLUME 22, 2025

The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review

VOLUME 6, 2023

YANRONG SHI
Department of Philosophy, Jeonbuk National University, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeonbuk State, 54896, South Korea

Abstract

This paper aims at doing a philosophical interpretation of Xunzi, a  Confucianist philosopher of the Warring States period with a bias towards the theory of human nature. Traditional scholars have emphasized that this Master Xunzi advocated that human nature is evil At the same time, there is the new scholarly opinion such as the ‘Xing Pu’ or ‘Simple Nature’ Theory. According to the present work, Xunzi had a relative view towards the human nature; there was no noticeable bias in the view that the human nature is evil. This paper aims at testing the Confucian understanding of innate wickedness through textual and philological analysis of the critical terms like ‘jin’(now) and ‘shunshi’(following along with...). The understanding is shed light upon, which indicates that perceptions that Xunzi referred to as ‘emotions,’ ‘desires,’ and ‘xing e’( inherent evil) is not the essence of human nature but certainly externalities that are secondary in nature. This reevaluation not only enriches the ongoing academic discourse but also highlights the contemporary relevance of Xunzi’s educational strategies in promoting ethical behavior and societal harmony. By elucidating how Xunzi’s insights into human nature can inform and enhance modern educational practices, this paper underscores the enduring impact of his philosophical contributions to the fields of ethics and education.

Keywords : Xunzi荀子, Human Nature, Moral Education, Confucian Philosophy.
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.

Abstract

Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords : Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty