This article is rooted in the profound foundations of historical materialism and scientific socialism, delving deeply into the essence and core of these two theoretical systems. Its aim is to chart a clear and feasible path towards the grand blueprint of common prosperity in the spiritual life of the Chinese people in the new era. Through an in-depth excavation and precise elaboration of the theoretical cores, we have clarified the crucial roles these theories play in guiding and promoting the common prosperity of the people's spiritual life, serving as brilliant beacons illuminating our way forward. Based on an accurate grasp of the current status of common prosperity in the spiritual life of the Chinese people, this article candidly reveals the existing bottlenecks and challenges. Through meticulous and layered analysis, it uncovers the key factors constraining the universal flourishing of the people's spiritual life. The revelation of these factors not only provides us with a clear picture of the problems but also lays a solid foundation for subsequent strategy formulation and implementation. In response to the aforementioned issues and challenges, this article creatively proposes a comprehensive and systematic strategy system aimed at enhancing the people's spiritual life through multifaceted efforts. This strategy system encompasses the optimization and improvement of the institutional level to ensure that the socialist system can better serve the people's spiritual life needs; the strengthening of ideological guidance through promoting socialist core values to unite people's hearts and pool their strengths; the stimulation of cultural innovation to encourage the diversification and high-quality development of cultural creation and dissemination; the deepening of educational reform to cultivate innovative and practical talents for the new era; the purification of cyberspace to create a clear and healthy online environment, safeguarding the people's spiritual home from pollution; the enhancement of mental health service systems to address the people's mental health needs and provide timely and effective psychological support and intervention; and the active participation of social organizations to leverage their unique roles in serving society and promoting common prosperity in the spiritual life. Finally, based on the above analysis and strategy construction, this article puts forward a series of targeted and forward-looking policy suggestions from the dual perspectives of historical materialism and scientific socialism. At the same time, we are filled with confidence and anticipation for the bright future of common prosperity in the spiritual life of the Chinese people, believing that with the concerted efforts of all the people, this goal will surely be achieved soon. This research not only provides solid theoretical support and practical guidance for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics but also contributes wisdom and strength to promoting common prosperity in the people's spiritual life and fostering the vigorous development of socialism with Chinese characteristics.