Moral Argumentation: R.M. Hare's Dual-Level Approach to Handling Moral Complexity
VOLUME 21, 2024
The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review
VOLUME 6, 2023
Liang Sun, Ph. D
School of Philosophy and Sociology, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
School of Philosophy and Sociology, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
Abstract
R.M. Hare, an authority in the philosophy of morals, established a persuasive framework for moral reasoning that continues to impact modern conversations about morals. This study suggests a structure of consequentialism that includes R.M. Hare's dual-level consequentialism. Hare believes that cause and effect is the most feasible when discriminating between two kinds of moral thinking, such as analytical (act consequence theory) and intuitive (rule consequence theory). According to his argument, consequences theory can justify intuitive level thinking when the critical level chooses the content. By gathering the condition of intuitive, prima facie principles, Hare's paradigm is consistent with Childress's four-principle approach. The method of four-principle complements is supported by a dual-level structure. We describe the fundamentals and four situations to support this integrative framework. We show that his integrative structure for the consequences is both tenable and convincing. In the following arguments, we will look at R.M. Hare's dual-level model of moral reasoning, including its essential elements, strengths, objections, and consequences for modern moral theory.
Keywords :
Moral, Dual-Level Approach, Consequentialism, Four Principle Approach.
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.
Abstract
Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords :
Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty