This study centers on world multicultural music education, analyzes the characteristics and inheritance modes of ethnic music culture in different countries and regions in order to discover the specific efficacy of music culture and understand the role played by ethnic music in the education system and its practical application points. This paper firstly analyzes the cultural characteristics of ethnic music in Europe, Asia, Africa, America and other regions, and shows the cultural attributes and differences of each region by summarizing and integrating the richness and diversity of music culture in these different countries and regions. After that, it collects and researches a series of cases of application of foreign ethnic music in education, and grasps the problems and challenges that existed during the inheritance of ethnic music in each region, such as cultural conflicts, tradition protection, insufficient innovation, and so on. After that, we collect and study a series of foreign folk music application cases in education to grasp the problems and challenges that exist during the inheritance of folk music culture in each region, such as cultural conflicts, traditional protection, and insufficient innovation, and then we give targeted solutions to the problems. Therefore, this study aims to understand the characteristics of music culture in different countries and regions and its application practice in education, and at the same time, it discusses in depth the effective inheritance of national music culture by means of corresponding education forms under the multicultural music education in the world so as to achieve the purpose of effectively enhancing the sharing and communication of music culture, enriching the connotation of music education and innovating the method of music education.