This paper studies the cultural connotation and linguistic characteristics of traditional folk art, aiming to explore the origin and development, artistic characteristics, inheritance and protection, international exchange and influence of traditional folk art. It is found that traditional folk art carries rich cultural connotations, reflects national aesthetic interests and life wisdom, and has strong regional and national characteristics. At the same time, traditional folk art presents diversified artistic characteristics, including painting, sculpture, crafts and other forms, forming a unique aesthetic style. In terms of linguistic features, traditional folk art shows rich signs and symbols, conveying the spirit of national culture and aesthetic feelings through visual art language. In addition, traditional folk art is still of great significance in contemporary life and plays an important role in the inheritance and protection of traditional culture. This paper discusses the international exchange and influence of traditional folk art, and argues that through international exchange, traditional folk art can better go to the world and have a wider influence. This study has certain theoretical and practical significance for deepening the understanding of traditional folk art and promoting its inheritance and development.